'
,
..
,.
..
I Doc. 1
~c~iona to return ana p;ote~t Iraqi cu~turalRrope~ty A l l t he world was shocked at the scenes we saw in e arly
A pril of l oot ing at the Iraq Museum i n Baghdad a nd o f
l i braries and a r chives throughou t Iraq hav i ng b een
ransac ked and burned. No matter h ow this c ame a bout -
and acc ounts still differ on thi s point - it seemed c lea r
that a signif i cant par t of the heritage, no t j us t of the
I r a q i people, but o f a l l mankind , had been des t royed,
damaged or stolen.
Fortunately, in the subsequent months i t ha s bec ome c lear
t hat some of the worst fears of scholars and others about
t he si~e of the losses were unjustif ied. For i ns tance,
at t he Iraq Museum, many of the most import a nt ob jects
had been stored in safe locations before t he war .
Al t hough the looters made off with many pricele ss
obje cts, some of those - including the world- famous 1'/a:ck<":J.
V nse - - have subsequently been returned thanks to t he no-
questions-asked amnesty which the Coalition promulgated
i n t he weeks following the looting. The count of missing
items is still being carried out but the overall losses
are now thought to be approximately 10,000 obj e cts out of
a t o tal of perhaps 175,000 which the museum col l ection
con tained. Of the approximately 10,000 missing obje c ts,
abou t 5,000 are cylinder seals and the rem aini ng S, OCO
are relati ve ly minor objects such a s pottery fragments
and small jewellery items. Forty-two pieces take n from
the museum galleries wer e con s i dered "majorw ob j e cts.
Ten of these ob j ects have been ret u. rned, among them the
famous Warka va se; thirty of the major ob j ects a r e sti ll
miss i ng .
A l though these losses are very serious, by no me a ns a l l
i mpo r t ant cultural sites were affect ed in this way. ~wny
o f them were identified in advance as needing special
protection and \'fere unaffected by the fighting . This was
particularly the case with religious s i t es s uc h a s t he
mosques in the holy cities of Najaf and Ka r bala .
The re have of course been reports of armed gangs of
l ooters operating at a number of archaeological s ites
a cross Iraq, especially in the south. There ~ re believed
to be at least 10,000 archaeological site s in Ira q, many
of them in relatively remote areas, ~nd loot i ng was
a lready a growing problem through the 1990s. ·
Never theless, the Coalition has made strong efforts to
de o.l with the problem. In response to the .reports i t
i nc reased patrols and overflying at many of the sites.
At t he end of July, army commanders in each of tho CPA
Reg ions were ordered to place 24-hour guards on the 50
CoS
·· ·-
M il Assl
\::J.I!C. Sec
I
I
(b) 1l
(6)

'
,
The United States ~s a party to the 1970 UNESCO
Convention on the Means of Prohibiting a nd Preventing the
I llicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of
Cultural Property. Under our domesti c law to i mplement
t hat Convention, no article of cul t u ral property
doc umented as pertaining to the inventory of a museum or
relig ious or secular public monume nt o r similar
institution may be bnported into the Un ited States.
This convention, however. only covers i nventoried
mat erials stolen from musewns and other cultural
institutions. Objects looted from sites are excluded. To
overcome this loophole, the United State s has established
o ther legal measures. When, for e xample. on May 23,
2 003, t he U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of
Fore ign Assets Control (OFAC) lifted most o f the Iraqi
sanctions embargo, it e xplicitl y exclud ed t ransactions
dea ling with Iraqi cultura l p roperty o r other ite ms o f
archaeological , histor ical , cul tura l , rare sci e ntific a n d
r eligious importance illegally removed from t he Iraq
Nationa l Museum, t he National Library a nd o t h er l ocation s
in Ira q e inc~ Augue t 6, 1990 .
On August 9, a m an was charged in New York wi th smuggl ing
stolen Iraqi artifacts bearing the registration marks of
the I1:aq National Museum in Baghdad . He had purchased
them as • souvenirs • in Baghdad and they were i dentified
and seized by Customs officers during a routine l uggage
search at JFK airport. "This administration has sent a
clear signal that we would not allow thieves to take
advantage of the conflict in Iraq to pilfer its
antiquities," us Attorney Roslynn Mausko pf said ~n a
statement about the incident.
In the UK, the Government is also a party .. to t h e 1970
UNESCO Convention. The UK therefore now has a n obligation
under article 7(b) of the Convention to a ssist the
legitimate authorities in Iraq to sec u r e t he r eturn to
Iraq of illicitly exported or imported items.
'
roos t important sites, as identified by i nternational
scholars . Action has a lso been taken to ens ure t hat
salaries are paid to the guards on the Board of
Antiquities payroll who have tra ditiona l ly provided
protection at man y o f these site s.
Despite these effor ts inside Iraq, i t is i nev i table that
p r eci o us i tems will f i nd their ~1ay out o f the country. so
a ction s have a l so been taken to make it as d i f ficult as
possible for a nyone to import these artefacts or t o trade
in t hem.

,.
..
,
I t was recognised that , t o complement the Convention, a
new criminal offence should ideally be i ntroduced in the
UK to reinforce i ts inte rpretation. It is already a
c rimi nal offenc e to tra f f ic i n s t olen goods such as those
taken f rom the Iraq Museum but t h is offence does not
ex tend to objects which have been excavat ed or r emoved
from a bu i l d ing, structure, monument or site. The UK
Government i s now backing a Priva ~e M embers Bil l i n
Parl i ament which woul d creat e a new crimina l of f ence to
count e r t h is i llicit traffic. It is antic ipat ed that t his
Bi ll will complete its passage and become law in the
autwun.
But the UK also took swift a ction to implement Resolution
1483 in relation to the impor t a nd trade in unlawful l y
removed Ira qi cultural property . These res trictions were
brough t i nto force in the UK on 14 J une by th e Iraq
(United N a t i ons) Order 2003. This Or der imposes a
prohibition on the importation of any item of i llegally
removed I raqi cultural property . I t will catc h a ny person
who holds, c ontrols or deals i n a ny item of Iraqi
cul t ural property illegally removed from its location
since 6 August 1990. This Order is of course intended to
deal "1i th the emergency situation in Iraq a nd sanctions
can be lifted onc e security and political and economic
infrastructures are fully r est ored in I r aq. But by then
t he UK Government i ntends that the Dealing in Cultural
Objec ts (Offences ) Bill shoul d hnve become law a nd will
further t he fight to s tra ngle the global i llicit trade
probl em, ·from Iraq and elsewhere.
C ustoms o f f i cers a t all port s of ent ry into the UK have
been a ler ted to locati ng and i dentifying any Iraqi
antiquities , with a view to proGecuting thos e who a ttempt
to breach the impor t controls. A vital tool to enable
them to do so is the Red List of the 1 00 m ost important
categories of antiqu iti e s that could have been looted or
stolen in Iraq. This illus t r ated list, to which the
Italian Carabinieri, the British Muse um and other major
institutions c ontributed, has been published by INTERPOL
and t he International Council on Museums. It wi l l be a
vital tool, not only for customs officials , but also for
art dealers and collectors to he l p them to r e cogni se
objects which could have originate d from Iraq.
•
This act ion has been combined wi th the work carried out
by the CPA w hich has seen it as a priority' to engage
I r aqis thems e l ves in decisions about the future of their
cul tural heritage by the e stablishment of an Iraqi
Culture Cabinet. Among the actions the Cult ure Cabinet
has contributed to have been the choice of a r eplacement

• •
,.
building for the burned-out National Library and fitting-
out of the former House of Costume as a temporary home
for the Ministry itself .
•

:\-Tinistry of Culture
State Doard of Antiquities und Heritage
Chairman's' Officem:::\1'>\------,
P.O Box: IHJS6
Baghdad - Republic
.1<7-C/J::J.frl---t; ~ • .,,JJ
~ji!I_,~.Ud ~
.d iJ•f. ~.J yt< •
l(b)(2) t !!OS6 :ywo-
""l(b..,)(6=)-..b:;;~:r;;(b=;;)(;;<;2l;======L.,~.; Jfol\'1 .~;..>;ll
jly-11 .:i.!;~- Jl.lO..f
-
_, '
..
. . :. . . . .
·-
,.; ..... -·•
Ambassador Bremer
Coalition Provisional Authority
Baghdad, Iraq
And,
Ambassador Cordony
Ministry of Culture
•
Baghdad, August I71 h 2003
Dear Sir,
With reference to the e-mail we ~eived from Mr. Kristen on August 05, about the
Jewish~rchive discovered in the flood«..-d basement of the Mukbabarat, we have viewed
then1, and we support your effort to protect these documents from further damage, and
agree with your staff that we do not, at this time, have the resources to undertake this
lengthy process.
According to paragraph No. 21 of the Iraqi Antiquities Law No. 55 for lhe year 2002, we
agree with your plan to send the documents to the United States temporarily for the
restoration by Natio.naJ Archives and Records Administration (NARA) on the condition
that, following the restoration, the documents arc returned to Iraq, in a period not
exceeding two years from the day of this approva~ and according to the attached list.
With our best regards,
'J~~~aG\~
Dr. jaber Khalil Ibrahim
Chairman of the Board
.
I
I
I
I
i
j

•
030913-303
COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
BAGHDAD
13 September 2003
MEMORANDUM FOR CHIEF OF STAFF. COMBINED JOINT TASK FORCE 7
FROM ADMINSTRATOR. COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORrrY
.
SUBJECT: Tasking Letter - 3256- 303 Request for Transfer of Antiquities I Museum I Art Objects to the
Iraq National Museum
Reference: Support Request from Ministry of Culture
I request that the Commander, Combined Joint Task Force 7 take the appropriate action to
provide for the transfer of antiquities, museum and art objects successfully recovered during raids and
patrols to the Iraq National Museum.
WHO: Ministry of Culture
WHAT: Return and transfer antiquities, museum and art objects successfully recovered during
raids and patrols to the Iraq National Museum.
WHEN: 20 September 2003
WHERE: Iraq National Museum (MB 428 878)
WHY: The antiquities, museum and art objects successfully recovered during raids and patrols
need to be returned or transferred to the Iraq National Museum for examination and authentication for
placement in the appropriate museum and coil ection.
COORDINATING INSTRCUTIONS:
1) All Major Subordinate Commands coordinate with the Ministry of Culture Point of
Contact for transfer instructions.
2) Have the Commander, 812th Military Police Company and the Commander, 2d
Armored Cavalry contact the Ministry of Culture Point of Contact for transfer of historic artifacts
seized durtng raids in the AI Rashid neighborhood. These artifacts may include the purported
•sword of Saladin".
Direct ooordlnation authorized between the tasked unlt(s) and the Point of Contact listed below.
. .
MINISTRY OF CULTURE POINT OF CONTACT: j(b)(2) I
l(bll6l ' lat DSN·IIbll?l lor CEll: ,_ ____ .......Jand NIPRNET:
l(b)(6) Wbl(2) 1
'
Doc. 3
. I
' ' .
'

•
030913-303
-
..... ··:···.:· .··.~· . :• ' '"'•·· ···~\ ~ .....
······-·· ............................ ,. ~.

'
I
. ' ' .. ·, ·,·,'i
I I !IH q,.,,. I, . ..,
•
CO/\LJTlON PROVISIONAL AUTJ-IORITY
BAGHDAD
ACTION MEMO
October 19, 2003
FOR:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
..
•
THE ADMINISTRATOR ~-
. ~~· I
, ..., ~
.,. , '~
. r·r ···-
-
~-
Am b. Mario Bondioli Os1o: Senior Advisor, Ministry of Culture
!
' •
FPS Status for~ Archeological Sites Guards
The Ministry of Culture havc1
on their payrolls 1,298 :1rcheological sites guards, about 400
contmct site guards and other: guards protecting their facilities in Baghdad nnd in the rest of the
country. The protection ofthb sites that these guards arc currently providing is inadequate for
countering lhc highly incrensed ami eflicient looting we are facing. The ultimate responsibly for
urresting the looters must rest: with the intemal security forces of the area where the sites are
located. The guards need to ~e trained to rely on lraqi Police or, for the time being, Coalition
Forces for chasing the looters, from the sites or an-csting them. In order to contact the local
security force from the sites, t,hey need to get a communication system either by phone or by
radio and be trained to use 1t. ·
' '
I propose to change the cunent status of the guards from individual units on each site, under the
very vague supervision ofthc}local inspectors of the Board of Antiquities, into FPS guards, in
unifonns, sufficiently armed, with the power to detain looters tor 12 hours. I propose to organi7.c
the new slmclure trom the top, gelting •m eflkientlraqi Ol'ficer, either from the Police or lhe
fonm~r Imqi Army, to start by recruiting 25 efficient Iraqis to be trained, in a customized FPS
training program, as trainers to be sent to the sites to train the local guards for their new duties.
As a matter of course, the loca1 counterparts ofthe guards, i.e. the local security forces, will have
to be informed of the new sitd protection system and receive instructions to. support it as far as
possible.
I
FPS has bce11 informed of the general idea and is ready Ia support it with training and free of
charge uniforms. Same reactiqn from CJTF7 for the supply of weapons. The U.S. State
Dcparunem Cultural Heritage!Office has funds dedicated to a site protection project and has
agreed in principle to Lhe general idea. I have received a first posi£ivc reaction fi·om the Minister
of Culture, AI Jaza'iri, and from the new Director of the Board of Antiquities, Dr. Rabia al Qaisi .
...
I
I
•
. I UNCLASSIFIED
/

...
I
Recommended Action:
' •
I
l
'
• I
I
'
UNCLASSJ FJED
l
>
•
That you approve to proceed jn refining the project; quantify the funds needed for each of its
parts; estahlish what the best communication system is, etc.
' 1
~ . l ,i ·, ''-
Approve: ~LA... v ,
Disallprove: Approve with modificatio n:
A'l-fACHMENTS: NONE :
COORDINATION:
NONEi
I
•
'
'
'
'
I
'
.
I
•
t
I
l
'
'
·''
' ' ' I
'
I
' I
' •
'
• I
• •
•
.
• ' '
/
(
•
UNCLASSIFIED
I

-----
--- -
---
IDoc. 5
UNCLASSIFIED
25 1\ovcmbcr 2003
Archeological Sites Protection Project
First Implementation Pha:;e
THE l>HI QAR PROVINCI:: PROT OTY P£
Dhi Qur Provin~_;c, due to the active presence of Italian Carabinieri. can he considered a mocicl
ror the realization all over Iraq of the Archeological Sites Protection Project.
1\fter reviewing the present situation with the Antiquities Director in Nasserya, Abduhuuir a\
Hamdani, and Directorl(b)(6) I fl-om the General Directorate of Exc<J vatious in Baghdad, I
ptOJ)ose the following implementation of the ASP Project in Dhi Qar.
There arc currently in Dhi Qarl 09 guards on S.I3AH budget. plus 56 gua rd~ just hired on a
monthly local CPA funding. These 56 guards will need to be either transferred to the SB.A.H
budget or lo be dismissed.
The archeological sites in Dhi Qar, with their respective guards, should be divided into tJ areas,
t:orrespouding to the 9 lraqi Police Stations, which will be <;ullcd in by the. guanls, when
rwce.ssary. r · o chase and arrest the looters.
The Police Stations arc located in Nasscrya, AI Bathah., AI Shatra, AI llislah, AI Nasr, t\1 Rifai,
AI Uiwaniyall, Qal al Sukkor and AI Fajr.
This an·angctnent will provide Police coverage lo all lhe archeologj.cal sites, a.'1 each site will be
within a range of less then 4{) Km. from the Police Station that the guards will caU, when looting
is above their reactiv~ strength.
fn order Lo realize the project in Dhi Qar the following C{Juipmcnl is needed:
I. I 0 Base sta.lions for an Analog VI iF Ratlio System at lhe nbove mcntio1 1ed 9 Police
Stations and at tlte Cuslom ! Border Patrols Ofnce in Nasscrya.;
2. A limited number of repeaters in locations to be detem1incd;
3. 10 v eh i cle~ (4\VD, 4 door:;. Diesel pick-up),onc for each area and one lor th~ loc.<~l ASP
commanding ofUccr;
4. J 0 mobile radios on vehicles;
5. 55 hand - held radios for guards on sires (l)ne each three guard~);
G. 55 Weapons (provided free of charge by CJTP - 7);
7. \65 uniforms (provided free of charge by FPS);
8. An unspecifh:d numbcrof3.5m. meta! towers in addition to the 4ulrcady in place, althc
cost of$ I ,400 each-
The Dhi Qar Pro1otype can be repeated in d1e other 17 Provinces. Dhi Qar docs not, however.
represent a fair average of tlu: .necessities of the other pr ovin~:es . So we can uot simply multip1y
the numbers quoted fhr Dhi Qar by I g in order to wtne up with total ligures for the whole of
. .
U~CJ..ASSIFlFD

·
---
-
•
l.INCLASS!FIED
Iraq. l nevertheless consider Dhl Qar lo represent about ten per cent of the total needed for a
reasonable coverage of the whole country.
f therefore assume that, for 'the full realization of the ASP Project as currently planned for the 18
Provinces, we need approximately a total of about 500 additional guards Jor a total of 1 ,SOO
guards on the SBAH budget, equipped wiri1 600 weapons and I ,800 uniforms, a total of I 00 blL SC
radiu :;lations; about 20 repeaters; 100 vehicles with t 00 mobile rud ios; about 600 hand-held
radios and about 60 towers.
At the end of November 2003, the current status oflhc ASP Proje~: L was as follows:
j(b)(6) I a former Major in the Jratli Anny, has received the rank ofFPS I ASP Colonel.
He will supervis.;: a Train-the-Trainers Course for 25 FPS Trainers, which will be sdected fi·mn
37 cundidate.s, provided by the SBAH Provincial Antiquities Inspectors. This TTT c - ourse will
fake place at !he Baghdad lr'aqi Police Academy, from December J s< to December 24'11• The
gradu :~ tcd Trainers will he qunliticd to confer FPS status on the 'J ,272 {eventually 1 ,800) guards
on the SBAH payrolL
In 2004 an UNESCO Training Program, with ltalian funding and technical assistance by the
Italian Curabinie1i Special Unit for Heritage Protection (CCTPC) will he alten<lcd in Amman,
Jordan, by the 25 Trainers. A second similar t::-.iESCO course will be dedicated to Police f
Border Patrol Officers, in o.rdcr to increase their awareness ofrlle necessity to respond to calls by
the ASP guards. and to imervcnc lor 1he j)JUicclion or archcok)gical silL'S.
UNCLASS!F.I ED

... :: .. . .. .., ... ..,.... ····· .;;;::·:.::;:·:····
· ...
.. .
...
.. .
..........
IDoc. 6
ACTION MEMORANDUM
(03 June 03)
TO:
Presidential Envoy l. Paul Bremer
FROM:
Ambassador Pietro Cordone j({:;....
SUBJECT: LETTER TO DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL BANK TO MOVE ARTIFACTS
SUMMARY AND PURPOSE
The Treasures of Nimrud from the Iraq Museum are stored in the vault in the
Central Bank that was previously flooded. To move the storage crates from the damp
vault to a dry vault requires a letter from the senior person in the government.
DISCUSSION:
A quick synopsis of the history of the investigation of the looting ofthe l.raq
Museum drafted by the Senior US Customs officiaf is attached.
Under the previous regime all transfers and movement of artifacts of this quality
and value were directed by letter under the signature of Saddam. The Governor of the
bank has requested a letter from Amb Bremer to authorize the movement of the five
storage crates to a drier and more convenient location.
Since the crates are water damaged, request expedited action to minimize any
harmful effects on the stored antiquities.
RECOMMENDED ACTION:
Sign attached letter.
...
. .
..
.;
/
APPROVE V DISAPPROVE. __ APPROVE WITH MODIFICATION __ _
(
L. ______ _)Ministry of Culture, 1430, 03 June 2003
l(b)(6) I

.. - --
--.,~;. .. ~~·~··.·. :--.---:~r:?f\·: .. · ..... :·.:~:·;·::·(._:~.::
..... ···-.,··~--";····--·- .
,,,, .. ,.
·.: :·
..
-
··~::==·::::·~·;.:::.:::;:··~ ;::·:.:·::.. -.. : :. -.
. ..
......
.. . . .
. :·. . . : .. · . .:.:::·:·. ·. ·.:
.. :· ... :·::;·.::.::·::·: ... ; .. ·.
..
.. .
· ...
. ..... ..
. . . .
. . .
. : ::.<>·· ·.
. . . . ....
·. : .. · ... :: .. ":": : ...... ::·:::·: ..
.......
. .. :·::·. > ... .
... ·· ... .
.. ·. :·:· .. ·.:. .
.. ..
..
. . · ...... ·
· ........ .
.... . ..
· ........ : ·:· . .. .
.. .
. · ..
. . ..
. ..
.....
· .. ·.
· ...
. ...
· ..
Pursuant to the ongoing USG investigation in io the looting of the Iraqi Museum in
Baghdad a letter authorizing the storage and inventory of the treasure ofNimrud is
requested hy the Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq,
On April 22. 2003. a joint Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement {BICE) and
USCETRCOM-Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG) unit anived at the Iraq
Museum, Baghdad~ to conduct an investigation into the 1ooting of the museum
compound. The investigation has identified several high value artifacts which have been
stored in the Iraq Central Bank, Agents and lraq Museum employees have been given
access to verify that the boxes contah1ing the high value at.tifactsj in,cluding the treasure
ofNimrud are in the Iraq Central Bank. The treasure ofNimrudis currently being ;stored
in a vault which was flooded and cmTently is not suitable for storage. A request was
made ttJ provide lmq Museum employees, military and BICE agents access to inspect and
inventory the various artifacts and the treasure ofNimrud und.er the supervision of Iraq
Central. Bank officials. This request was made to insure that none of the Iraq Museum
artifacts have been stolen. Additionally agents requested lraq Central Bank officials to
move the treasure ofNhnrud to a secure vault iri the Iraq Central Bank which was not
Hooded to insure the artifacts will not be destroyed.
. ..... .
. ..
. ...
::::: . .
. ....
... .
.. · ..
. ... .
. .... .
· ..
··. · ..
.. ... .
. · .. .
·· ... .
. ... .
.. ·.
...
.. .
. . .. .
·· ... .
....
.. ..
. ..
...
·. ·:· .
·:·.:··
· .....
. . ..
...
. ..
....
·.· .
..
. .....
.. :•. .. .
. .....
·::: .::.:· .·· .
. . ::.:
>·\
.. .. : : .
· .. :··· ..
. ..
· .. ::· .
. .. .
. .. .
·····
. ..
. ..
...
...
: ...... . . . . .
. ·.
.. ·· ..
. . · ....
. ..
..
.....
..
. .
...
The Governor oftlteiraq Central Bank requested a letter from Ambassador Bremer
authorizing the storage, authentication and inventory ofthe artifacts in the Iraq Central
Bank. BICE agents are requesting a letter be provided outlining these .requests to the
Governor of the Iraq Central Bank in order to insure the artifacts are verified and
properly secured.
l(b)(3):1o usc §130b 1
Supervisory Special Agent
BICE agent in charge of the Customs portion of the Museum ilwestigation for the USG
.....
. . .. . . ..
. . . ·. ·.
. . . . . . ·.
. . . · .. · ....... ·.
·.·.··.··:··:··:· ... ·:: .
. . . ..
... ... .
. ·. ··.: ......... :::: > .. : · ..... ·::
. ······

,__.....
•
:. :·.:.:::· :. :::.-~'!Y' .. ~·::
. . .... ~. ::-::-
. .
. .
.
·-
~. . . ·. .. . . .
. . · ... .,.--.-..,...,.. ~· .
. ··· ·:.:· . .
· .
" --
.. :: .
. ... :·
-
·:-:-:: .~: : .
. ....
... '• .
· ........ .
... :·::· ....
.... : ...
.. ,,. · ....
· ..
. .. ..
·
...
. · ..
... .
"
· .. · .
.... .
-
-
.
-
.
.
.
..... .
. .· ...
. ..
·· •
.
· .::.:··
. .
::-:::
. . . . . .
. . . : : . . ..
····· ... '• ..
.. ..
-
....
. .
. ..... .. .
·
. .
. :: :-:: .
. .
. .
. . . .
· ...
. . .. .
· ....
. "
. ...... .
·· ····· .
'•,
.. ... · .. ..
.....
. . · ... :·.:
.. ..... .'·
. : ... :· .. :·
· .. -: .•.
· .. .' .. :
.. · ..
'
.... . . . .
.. .
~~~ ~ ~1 a.1a1w.
. .. · .
. ...
. ::::·
· ·.::: : :. ~ .
COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
:f:· .' :
.
-.
·:: · .. .
, .. .
...
·. . . ·. .. f.. ___ ..;.,....,...-----------------------~"-
·:·.. . ", .. . .
... . . .
. . . .
·. .
. .
. . .. .
.. .
...
... .
" -
. .
·:. . ·· .. ·.
.... . . ·. :-
.. .
. ..
Letter of Authorization
03 June 2003
.. . . ...
-
..
. . .
·
. · . .
. .
..
--
.. -
.. . . . .
" ...
.. .
....
·: .. .
" . . .
: :.: .
..
..
. .
..
. . .
. .
"
..
Governor
Centra. ~ Bank
Baghdad
Dear Sir,
You are hereby authorized and directed to move five stora~ crates-.from·. the
State Board of Antiquites from their present location in the flooded vault to a safer and
drier vautt for inventory and repacking.
vv{
l , Paul Brel"l1er
Coalition Provisional Authority
.. .
,_
. .
"
. •.
·-:-::: . .
. ........ : . .
. . . '• .
···. ·:·-:·: ·:·.
.... ':.:--...
. .... .
..... · .. .
. . . : ·:-. . . . . .
. .. . .
.... ::. . . . . ..
. . . .. . .
.....
··· ... •,
" . . . .
-
. -
· ..
. .
. . . ...
. .
· .... · ..
. : . ·: ... .
. . . .
. ..
" . .. . ·... . . .
..
. . . . . .
.. . .
.
...

---- -----
~~\::)\.~~-\~
~rf~A--~v~
COALITION PROVISIONAL A UrT-IORITY
BAGHDAD
ACTION MEMO
January 19, 2004
FOR: THE ADMTNTSTRATOR
FROM: Mario Bon · sio, Senior Advisor to the Ministry of Culture
SUBJECT: Archeological Site Protection (ASP) Project
The ASP Project, which you approved when it was presented to you in an Action Memo on
Oct.191 h 2003, is proceeding at a good pace for all aspects vrithin my control. The State
Department has received assurances from the Packard Humanities lnstitute that they can provide
funding to the ASP Pro·cct u to $1M. My deputy, Prof essor John Russell, was able to .
personally meet with (b )(3): 10 US who gave indications that additional funds might be provided
to the ASP Prqject as needed. Tl1c State Department has given to me appropriate guidance on
the subject. As you will recall, the first steps in the ASP Project foresee that the guards currently
011 the State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH) should receive FPS Status. FPS status
with the rank of Colonel was given to a former Major ofthe Iraqi Anny,l(b)(6) l selected
by the Minister of Culture, after a one month Training Course that took place in November. •. On
January 7, 2004, 11 FPS Trainers graduated from the Baghdad Police Academy. They are
c - urrently giving FPS status to the SBAH guards in Dhi Qar province, Wtder the supervision : or
Colonel k6l/6) I Th.e Minister of Culture has included the ASP Project among his five
ma jor priorities in his letter to yoll
The ASP- Project is ins{ead encountering difficulties wjthin CPA itself. Forty pickup trocks that
were assigned to the ASP Project by Ambassador Kennedy from the OFF- Car for Agriculture
program were diverted to other national security programs. More worryingly the Senior
Advisors at MOF and MOl may not assign to the Ministry of Culture - SBAH
sufficient funds to pay to SBAH guards the salary corresponding to their newly acquired FPS
status, which has been already given to some of the guards for which TOA from CPA and CITF-
7 to the Ministry of Culture is taking place. This happens at the very moment when the Ministry
oflnterior must give to lhe Police Stations, selected according to the ASP Project, ru-m
inslnlct.ions for prompt intervention when caiJed upon by the FPS-ASP guards in order to arrest
or a.llcast chase the looters .
.l consider the irreplaceable loss of thousands of years old artifacts which is currently taking
-place a disaster for the whole of mankind. International public opinion is following the
developments with the utmost attention. The press highlighted the looting that Marvin
Josephson and his group witnessed and Fox News tllmcd during the helicopter trip to Nasiriya.
M y Deputy's Info Memo on what we saw is hereby attached.
UNCLASSIF1ED

-2-
RECO:M:MENDA TION : That you confer to the ASP Project the high priority it deserves, and
instruct CPA MOT and MOF to give to the ASP Project their full support, including providing to
the Ministry of Culture- SBAH sufficient funds to pay to the FPS- ASP guards their proper
salary.
Approve: __ _ ATTACHMENTS: COORDINATION: Disapprove: __ _
Approve with modification:. __ _
Prof. John Russell's Info Memo
Note on the ASP Project
London Sunday Times article, January 1 I, 2004
Fox News Iraq Journal, January 16,2004
Anthony McDonald, Senior Advisor, Ministry of Finance;
Steve Casteel, Senior Advisor, Ministry oflnterior;
Giles Denham, Senior Advisor, Ministry of Civil Affairs
UNCLASSIFIED

COALITlON PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
BAGlmAD
INFOMEI\10
January 19, 2004
FOR: THE ADMINISTRATOR
FROM: John Russell, Deputy Senior Advisor for Culture
SUBJECT: Helicopter assessment of archaeological site damage
On January 15, I took advantage of the helicopter trip planned for Marvin Josephson to plot a
course over some major archaeological sites in Qadissiyah Governorate in order to assess
damage from looting. We flew over five sites, three of which had been destroyed by looters:
• Mashkan-Shapir. Major Old B<lhylonian (1750 BC) city listed in the Code of
Hammurabi. Prior to the 1991 war, the State University ofN ew York at Stony Brook
was conducting an urban-scale research project on this site, with astonishing results. The
site has now been virtually obliterated by looters. It is completely covered .... ~th looters'
pits, and we observed several looters hard at work.
• lsin. Imperial capital from which the lsin-Larsa Period (2000-1800 BC) takes its name.
A fronl-page story in the NY Times (23 May 2003) reported some 150 looters .
systematically pillaging the site. CPA Senior Advisor for Culture Pietro Cordone visited
the site by helicopter, con tinning the Times report. Today the site is mostly destroyed,
completely covered with thousands of craters. We observed 50 looters at work, some of
whom had expensive cars. The NY Times reporter who accompanied us said he couldn't
believe that nine months later, CPA still had done nothing to protect this site.
• fara. Important Early Dynastic (2500 BC) city famous for early written tablets and a
distinctive artistic style. Ours was the first reconnaissance of this site since the 200~ war.
1t was riddled by looters' craters.
Archaeological site looting robs the Iraqi people of criticallong-tenu tourist assets, stealing
objects that would grace Iraqi museums and destroying arohileclwe that would attract tourists. It
robs the Iraqi people of the long-tenn local economic benefits of continuing excavation projects,
wbich are a regular source of supplemental wages in some of the poorest areas of Iraq. It robs all
mankind of our common heritage, by destroying the record ofhwmm civilization. As the
temporary steward of our hwnan past in Iraq, the CPA is the only force here tllat can act
immediately and decisively to stop the loss.

.... ___ _
S. B. A. H.
Archeological Site Protection Project
I. Introduction
Protection of archaeological sites is one of the functions of the State Board of
Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH), a semi autonomous entity under the Minister of
Culture. Tile Director General for Excavations oversees the 7,273 recognized
archaeological sites. Of these, 3, 232 arc protected by 1,272 guards. The security of
archaeological sites is organized by governorate. Each ofthc 18 governorates has a
regional archaeological inspector assigned to it. Under the current system, the SB.AH
provincial inspector, soon to be given the status of regional Director, supervises the
guards assigned to the governordte.
The current system of site protection has proven inadequate to meet the upsurge
in looting following the war. In fact, some sites face total ohliteration. Military units
have patrolled or placed guards on a small number of important sites. While this is
effective protection for a limited number of sites in the short tenn, in the long-tenn the
responsibility for all site protection rests with the SBAH. At the present, neither the
archaeological site guards nor regional archaeological inspectors have the transportation
or communications equipment to effectively monitor site looting; nor do they have the
weapons or authority to confront and detain looters.
This proposal is to
• reconfigure the structure of the SHAH site guard system;
• provide, after appropriate security training, a new slat us for the
reconfigured guard force; and
• institute a system of patrols and stationary guards capable of providing ·
early warning to tl1c local Police Station on ongoing looting.
Support for the reconfiguration of the site guard system will be provided by the
SBAH (site guard salary and continuing operational support), the Ministry of the Interior
(basic training and unifonns), and the US Army CJTF-7 (weapons). Other sources of
support will be sought for vehicles, communications equipment, observation towers for ·
archaeological sites, new positions, travel expenses for the Trainers and lodging and ·
meals for training in Baghdad.
2. Facilities Protection Service-Archaeological Sites Protection
The Facilities Protection Service (FPS) was established by the Coalition
Provisional Authority Order No. 27 as an organization of trained, armed, uniformed
entities charged. with providing security of ministry and governorate offices, government
infrastructure, and fixed sites under the direction and control of government ministries ·
and governorate administrations. The Ministry of the Interior is the agency which
establishes and coordinates the facilities protection program. The Ministry of the Interior
establishes the minimum professional standards and training requirements, establishes the

training curriculum, and training program for all Facilities Protection Service guards.
FPS guards are noL law enforcement officers, however they are authorized to CatTY anns
on the facility they are protecting and they have the authority to detain for twelve hours
suspected law violators for the police. Included in their training is instruction on the use
of force and limitations on the use of force.
Each individual ministry is responsible for basic facilities protection. Tbus, the •
SBAH, under the Ministry of Culture, is responsible for assessing the threat to ·
archaeological sites and bearing the cost of protection planning and execution. The CPA
Scni or Advisor to the Ministry of Culture proposes to trans form the current SBAH
archaeological site gLtards into a FPS -Archaeological Sites Protection (ASP) co1ps.
This will entail restructuring the force into a paramilitary organi:.~.alion wilh an
experienced military officer at its head. An appropriate number of individuals will be
selected from the current guard force to be trained as trainers in the FPS training
program. They will, in tum, telum Lo Lheir governorates where they will train the existing
site guards in their new duties within the Facilities Protection Service. The trainers will
also be considered for supervisory roles, with a higher rank and salary, in the •
reconfigured archaeological site guard force. The overall task will continue to be to
guard archaeological sites, and to alert and ask the intervention ofthe local security
forces in all cases oflooting or non-authorized agricultural activities on the sites. FPS
status will confer the right to detain looters for 12 hours, a uniform, and additional
weapons. The FPS -ASP cozps will also require vehicles and communications
equipment to fulfill their duties. At the same time, the local police and military units in.
the governorates will be informed of the new FPS -ASP corps and receive instructions to
suppon their activities from their own highest authorities. •
The project has received the approval of Ambassador Bremer, Coalition
Provisional Authority and Minister Al-.Taza'iri, the Minisler of Culture, who included the
protection of archeological sites among his five highest priorities. The proposal was also
unanimously endorsed by the Senior Staff of the SBAH and the regional archaeological •
inspectors at a meeting in late OcLober 2003. With the exception of the initial provision
of uniforms and weapons, on-going operational support for FPS -ASP will be supplied·
by the Ministry of Culture through SBAH, in accordance with the funds for salaries and.
running expenses provided by the Ministry of Finance.
. In November.l(b)(6) J a former Major in the Iraqi Army, after a full
month of customized training at the Baghdad Police Academy, was appointed to lead the
FPS- ASP as Colonel. Colonelj(b)(6) I will supervise the training ami aclivities FSP- .
ASP corps. The Director General of Excavations will establish olicics and procedures.
for guarding archaeological sites in consultation with Colonel (b)(6) nd the regional
archaeological inspectors. Colonell(b)(6) lin consultation with the regional
archaeological inspector and the Director General of Excavations, will assign in each .
region a FPS- ASP Major to establish, under his supervision, the division of the sites in
each province of the region into areas for site patrols. In each Province a Captain will ·
have over whole responsibility and will select the sites on which full-lime guard shifts
will be placed. Each area will have a Sergeant to determine the daily activities and shifts

of the guards. Colone~ill receive reports from his subordinates and will make
comprehensive periodic (weekly or monthly) reports on site security to the Director
General ofExcavations.
3. Security Training
As noted above, the <:entral Facilities Protection Service in the Ministry ofthe
Interior will provide training fur the new FPS ·-ASP guards. As it is impractical to have
all 1272 site guards' travel to Baghdad for training, a cadre of guards will be trained as
trainers at the Baghdad Police Academy for the rest of the guard force. These trainers
will also be considered for a supervisory role when the FPS- ASP is established in their
govemol"ate when promoted to the rank ofFPS- ASP Sergeants, Captains and Majors. -
The Ministry of the Interior will provide training for the trainers at the police
academy. The SBAH Director General of Excavations forwarded the first 37 candidates
for the first .. Train-the-Trainers" FPS Course. Thirteen of the 18 governorates were
represented .. The initial 3-day training and selection of25 candidates for further training
as trainers started the fusl week of December. On January 7, 2004, 11 candidates
graduated as FPS - ASP trainers, ready to train the archaeological site guards in the
governorates. The graduated trainers arc qualified to confer FPS status on the 1272
guards on the SBAfl payrolL
Further specialized training for the FPS - ASP trainers will be provided, in
courses of two weeks each, through UNESCO in Amman, with italian funding and the
technical assistance of the Italian Carabinieri Special Unit for Heritage Protection
(CTPC).
4. Systematic Patrols and Stationary Gua•·ds: The Dhi Qar Province Prototype
Dhi Qar province offers the opportunity to test the implementation of the FPS- •
APS cotps fully equipped with the appropriate vehicles, communication equipment, and
observation towers at fixed locations on cc1tain archaeological sites. The Hal ian ·
Carabinieri have been active in the region for several months working with the local
archaeological site guards, the Regional Archaeological Inspector, Abdulamir Al
Hamdani and the Diiector General of Excavations in Baghdad. This coordination of
effort has produced a plan for deploying and outfitting the local FSP- ASP corps. After
testing and refining the p Jan, it is expected to be replicated in the other 17 governorates of
Iraq.
The archaeological sites in Dhi Qar province will be divided into nine
geographical areas. In each area is h1cluded a corresponding police station which will
respond to the guards requests for assistance, located respectively in Naseryah, Al Batha,
Al Shatra, Al Hislah, Al Nasr, AI Rifai, AI Diwayah, Qal a1 Sukor and Al Fajar. These •
trine stations are sufficient to provide adequate protection to all archeological sites in the
province. The Dhi Qar province FSP- ASP corps of168 personnel will be distributed .
among these nine areas. Communications between the mobile archaeological site patrols,
stationary guard force on selected archaeological sites, and the police stalion will be
supplied through an analog VHF radio system. An additional base radio station will be ·
placed at the Custom I Border Patrol Office in Nasiriya, for additional support in case of

need. Each police station will have a base radio station, with the antenna on a trellis
placed on lhe roof of the station. Patrol vehicles will have mobile radios within each
vehicle. Every pair ofFSP - ASP guards on duty will have a handheld radio capable of
communicating with the mobile (vehicle-based radio) or the area police station radio
station. The SBAH Inspector for Dhi Qar and lhe Customs office in Nasiriya will also
have base radio stations. Twelve 3.5 meter high metal towers have been supplied by the
local CPA for the stationary guards on selected sites to enable them to visually survey the
archaeological site on a 24 hours 7 days a week rotation and eventually serve as a bridge
between guards on isolated sites and the area Police station .. The Archaeological
Inspector in Nasiriya, in consultation with the provincial Captain and Colonel Fadel, will
establish the stationary deployment and mobile patrol pattern ofthe guard force.
5. Extension of the Dhi Qar Prototype to tbc other Provinces ·
The training of SBAH guards in Diu Qar Province started on January 161
h 2004 in
Nasiriya. As soon as Colonel Fadel and his Trainers will complete training in Dhi Qar,
they will move on to AI Diwanya Province and Lo the other five Provinces ofthe South
Central region, since the CPA Regional Coordinator in South Central has already
expressed his support for the ASP Project and obtained a pledge from the local SBAH
inspectors. Similar pledges will be obtained by all the Regional Inspectors and
formalized in a collective meeting at SBAH headquarters in Baghdad. The essential
clement of the pledge in each province will be the selection of- and acceptance of their •
new duties by -the Police Stations in which the base radio stations will be located. For
instance, the Provincial Inspector in Diwanya Province has selected three Police Station:
located in Afak, Al Shamyah and Qwam al Hamsah and is currently obtaining their
support for the ASP project. The borders of the areas in each province will be defined
taking into consideration both the optimal radio communication from each archeological
site to the Police Station at the core ofthe area including the site, ami the possibility for·
the Police to reach the site in the speediest way when called. '
6. Equipment and Financial Needs
Based on the experience provided by the Dhi Qar Prototype, and taking into
accmint that, due to the current Transfer of Authority (TOA), 578 guards hired by
Coalition Forces (CJTF-7) or regional CPAs, will have to be added to the 1272 guards
currently on SBAH payroll, for a total of 1,850 guards, the equipment needs will he as
follows:
Unifonns: 1850;
Weapons: 620;
Vehicles: 150 I 200
Base radio stations: 100 I 130
Mobile radios: 150 I 200
Hand held radios: 620
The financial needs of SP AH for salaries will be:

1 Colonel: 342,000 x 12 = 4,104,000
3 Majors: 204,000 x 12 = 2,448,000
18 Captains: 125,000 x 12 = 1,500,000
130 Sergeants: 102,000 x 12 = 1,224,000
1720 Guards: 83,000 x 12 = 996,000
X 1 = 4,104,000
X 3 =: 7,344,000
X 18 = 27.000,000
x130 = 159,000,000
xl720 = l, 713,120,000
for a yearly grand total ofNID 1,910,568,000 plus Hazardous Duty and Ramadan
Gratuity.

THE SUNDAY TIMES
January 11, 2004
Iraq's culture cops go hunting looters
MATTHEW CAMPBELL BAGHDAD
IN HIS dark suit and tie, Mario Bondiol i-Osio, a former diplomat, is
an oddity among the occupants of Saddam Hussein's former
Republioen Palace, the coalition's headquarters in Baghdad.
At 68 the bearded Italian with a background in adrenaline-inducing
postings around the Arab world is perhaps the oldest official to
have forsaken the comforts of home for the privations of life in a
trailer at the oentre of power in Iraq.
But the way he is going about his cultural mission to Iraq is
raising just as many eyebrows: he is giving out guns.
· ·we are creating a small army; he said of the unusual force he is
putting together- not to fight diehards of the former regime but to
take on the gunmen who have exploited lawless turmoil to strip
Iraq's archeological sites of their treasures.
While some might scoff at the creation of Iraqi "culture cops• when
there are scarcely enough regular policemen to go around. 1he
Archeological Site Protection Force, as it is known. is aboutto be
launched in six Iraqi provinces with funding from the US State
Department. 'They will have guns, uniforms, radios and pick-up
lrucks - even an officer structure,· said Bondioli-Osio.
"I hope that soon, with the help of funding by the State Department
and American private foundations, all 18 provinces will be covered."
Bondioli-Osio was head of an Italian commission for the recovery of
stolen artworks and had been preparing for retirement when his
phone rang in Rome with the offer of a job as cultural adviser to the
Coalition Provi&ional Authority {CPA) in Iraq. "I did not sleep for
three nights after that," he said.
Since starting work in September, the affable envoy has won the
respect of the younger, predominantly military figures who inhabit
the high-walled compound on the banks of the Tigris. So has
Giovanni Curatela, a professor of Islamic art who assists him,
notwithstanding the red bow tie that jumps out from a surrounding
sea of khaki.
Unlike the foreign m ilitclry personnel on duly in Baghdad, these
Italians do not have to be there. "They chose to come," said an
American major at the CPA headquarters. "They must be nuts."
Bondiol i-Osio's initiative follows global indignation over the pillaging
of the national museum in Baghdad at the end of the war and
criticism af America for ignoring the threat to archeological sites
from organised looting.

While many artefacts stolen from the museum have been
recovered. thousands of sites throughout the country have been left
vulnerable to hordes of Kalashnikov-toting treasure hunters whose
illegal digging for pottery and jewels has pitted the desert with so
many craters that, seen from the air, it resembles Gruyere cheese.
"In places it looks like the surface of the moon," said Donny
George, director of the national museum. He was excited by the
recent recovery of a priceless statue of a boy dating from 2,300BC.
"The Americans found it hidden in somebody's septic tank," he
said.
Yet the state of archeological sites depresses him deeply: "It is
very, very bad. When pieces are dug out of the ground by looters,
the context is lost for ever to professional archeologists, as is the
possibility of learning mom about the past."
In the old days, said George, people were too frightened of
Saddam and his police to do much illegal digging. Although
archeologists were occasionally confronted by band its, the greatest
threat to them in the desert was from scorpions and snakes.
The war halted official archeological expeditions, and looters have
until now been swarming over 10,000 registered sites with impunity.
Some 1,200 civilian •guards" assigned to protect sites simply ran
away when confronted by gun-wielding mobs. There are estimated
to be another 90,000 archeological sites that have yet to be
registered.
It is not hard to find Iraqis peddling archeological goods in
Baghdad: the house of one dealer who called himself Khaled
resembled a private museum. He had bought the ancient vases,
pots and candle-holders scattered about his floor from diggers in
southern Iraq in the hope of selling them at a big profit in Be rut.
"People have to make a living," he said, holding up a handful of
trinkets, including a gold ring emblazoned with a mythical creature
that appeared to be half fish and half horse.
He did not think the new police force would threaten his livelihood.
"It won't make any difference: he said. "Iraq is like a giant mine of
ancient treasures. They cannot guard everywhere from the
diggers."
Italy, which has its own culture police and long experience of
dealing with archeological theft, hopes to prove him wrong: a unit
· from the 2,300 carabinieri based in the southeastern city of Nasiriya
is to help train a force that will eventually field up to 2,000 armed
police, most of them former civilian guards who had been hired by
the state antiquities board to protect treasures.
In a fashion-conscious, Italian touch, a shield will be painted on the
sides of their shiny new vehicles featuring an ancient Sumerian

vase.
Already the carabinieri have been arresting suspected loote~ from
their base in Nasiriya, where they have been on the front line in the
battle against regime loyalists. Thirteen carabinieri, four Italian
soldiers and two Italian civilians were killed in a bombing there late
last year.
Bondioli-Osio has also faced the dangers of life on the front line in
Baghdad. "My trailer shook like mad on Christmas night," he said,
recalling the reverberations from mortar rounds being lobbed into
the palace compound by the Iraqi resistance.
Tragedy struck on Thursday when Nahla Whagid, the interpreter in
his office, was killed by a bomb. "She was a beautiful and clever
girl, engaged to be married,'' said Bondioli-Osio.
"I had to call the family through my Iraqi driver and take them to the
morgue. You can imagine the mother."
He also mourns Oku Katsuhiko and Inoue Masamori, two Japanese
colleagues involved in efforts to fund the archeological police force.
They were shot dead as lhey left a restaurant In Tikrit, Saddam's
heartland north of Baghdad, at the end of last year.
'Things have not gone very smoothly," said Bondioli-Osio. "But we
will get there in the end." Wolfgang Kumm
-

FOXNews.com Page I of2
Iraq Journal: Grave Robbers• Looting Spree
Friday, January 16, 2004
By Robert E. Sullivan
-
TELL LAHAM, Iraq -Archeologist John Russell (search). flying in a U.S. military helicopter, looked out over the
barrel of the gunner's machine gun and saw his nightmare in the desert below: dozens of brazen looters in broad
daylight busily robbing graves as old as 5,000 years. ·
"That whole chapter of our past is gone forever. How am I supposed to I feel?" said Russell, who was on the verge of
tears.
But in a way, his flight over a half-dozen archeological sites and his inspection of this Sumerian city offers some
hope. This week, the U.S.·Ied Coalition Provisional Authority (se~~«~) (CPA) in Baghdad began a new pfOgram to
stop the wave of highly destructive looting that began with the American invasion.
Officials organized a special archeological protection service and are training its first 168 senior officers and
instructors. The Italian Carabinieri (§~~_r.!<il) police committed cars, radios and weapons to the effort, and the CPA
has set aside between $2 million and $3 million for the project.
And it sent Russell, who holds a doctorate and specializes in ancient Iraq, to begin surveying the damage.
The initial assessment - it's pretty bad.
In the two-hour·long flight south to this location from Baghdad, Russell flew over several sites, all of which showed
recent looting damage. Two of them were looted so badly- with little grave·like holes dug from wall to wall-
virtually no room was left to dig for anything else.
"You can easily spot the looters holes. They look like craters on the moon," Russell said.
And they did. Holes dotted the ground in Mashkan-&hapir (~arch), a Babylonian-era city, which was considered a
world power in the time of Hammurabi; in Nlppur (search), which ruled the area between the Sumerian and Acadian
regimes some 2,500 years ago; and in Drehem (.search), famous for its 4,000-year-old hardened clay tablets -the
probable object of the thieves' searches. ·
The worst appeared in lsin, which was a world center several hundred years before Hammurabi (search) wrote the
first written code of laws in human history. Some of the looters scattered at the sound of the helicopters. Others
waved.
The holes dug in this Sumerian (Jl_earo_h.l mound provided bolh good news and bad news. The holes were started by
looters, who were then spotted, and arrested. Archeologists came here and surveyed the damage and discovered
previously unknown tombs.
"The exposed artifacts will be removed properly and sent to a museum to be studied and the site will be covered over
again for its own protection,'' Russell said. ·
The largest piece the archeological team disinterred was a burial urn that contained the bones of a baby. Russell said
the remains could be from as early as a thousand years B.C., or as late as a few hundred years AD. The looter's
hole from which it came will be backfilled with dirt, he said. And the whole site will be protected by the new guards.
file:/ /C:\ WJNNT\ Temporary<'/u20Intcmcto/u20Files\OLK6\FOXN ews _ com.htm 1/20/2004
I

FOXNews.com Page2 of2
"The best thing to do with an archeological site." Russell told Fox News, "is to leave it alone."
When a site is properly surveyed, it takes years to map lhe surroundings, take and analyze soil samples, and attempt
to leam everything possible about the target group, he said. Scientists want to know how they lived, what they ate
and wh:lt was their culture. Grabbing individual clay tablets and ancient cylinders makes that impossible, Russell
said.
He said the proper excavation of a tomb -like the one uncovered here and left by looters - could take as much as
five years. Some of the organized digs, halted by the 1991 Gulf War and left abandoned, began more than 100 years
ago. Some of them were still productive before the beginning of the latest war last March.
Russell, a professor at the Massachusetts College of Art (search) in Boston and a technical advisor to the Iraqi
cultural ministry, said the rebuilding of Iraq "should provide enough work for an entire generation of archeologists,
and more" without anyone ever beginning a new dig. Opening canals and building roads in a country with some of the
oldest urban ruins on the planet invariably turns up something, he said.
"Contractors and builders should provide their own archeologists, or support a university team before they begin
destruction,'' Russell said, "and fortunately we now have language in the building agreements calling for just that."
lf)(l
Advertise on FOX News Channel and FOXNews.com
Job& at FOX News Channel. Internships at FOX News Channel.
Terms of use. Privacy Statement. For FOXNews.com comments wMte to
foxnawsonlitle@fe>xnews.com; For FOX New& Channel comments write to
oommenls@joxnews.com
© Associatod Pross. All right& reserved.
CoPyright© 2004 ComStock, Inc.
Thi• material may not be published, broadcast. rewritten, 0< redislril:>uted.
Copyright 2004 FOX News Network. LLC. All rights reserved.
All marl<et data delayed 20 minutes.
tllc :1/C: \WIN NT\ T cmporary%20lntemeto/o20Fi les\OLK6\FOXN ews _ com.hlm 1/20/2004

---------------·-- - -
- - -
•
Doc. 8
Key Messages:
• Supporting culture in Iraq demonstrates the Coalition's commitment to restoring aU aspects of
Iraqi society- security, essential services, and what we call the civil part of society, of which
culture is a prut.
• The restoration of cultural activities means a restoration of normalcy for the Iraqi people.
• The Coalition is committed to helping Iraqis protect their cultural heritage.
Accomplishments/Milestones:
• The Ministry's Printing House, unhanned by war and looters, recently brought on-line two new
state-of-the-art printing presses, increasing the printing capacity at the facility. The first job for
the printers is to print recently-revised textbooks.
• Iraqi police, in collaboration with Coalition forces, have recovered three of the most sought-
after pieces looted from the Iraq National Musewn: "Warka Mask," .. Bassetki Statue" and a
wood and bronze brazier.
• The Iraqi National Symphony Orchestra has refonned. The symphony will travel to the United
States in early December for two concerts at Kennedy Center in Washington, DC.
Goals for the Year Ahead:
• Train a total of 1600 Facilities Protection Services (FPS) Site Guards.
• Secure the top 40 archaeological sites.
• To complete the refurbishment of the Iraq National Museum.
• Refurbish the Board of Tourism and complete refurbishment of the Fashion House.
• Establish a new National Library for Iraq.
Challenges:
• Security at archeological sites is a concern. Looting continues at some sites. The Ministry is
currently implementing plans to bring its archeological site guards under the FPS umbrella and
provide them with additional training, weapons and communications systems.
• Thousands of the pieces looted from the museum are very sman (the si7.c of coins), thus
making recovery very difficult.
Key Facts:
• Archeological sites identified in Iraq
• Sites with ongoing field work
• Number of current archeo]ogical site guards
• Pieces looted from Iraq National Museum
• Looted pieces recovered
7,417
1
1,298
More than 13,000
Approx. 4,000

IDoc. 9
'
•
SUMMARY of 10 FEBRUARY MEETING with the GOVERNORATE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIRECTORS to DISCUSS IMPLEMENTATION of the
ARCHAELOLOGICAL SITE PROTECTION PROJECT (ASP)
ATTENDANCE
CPA Staff:
> Ambassador Mario Osio, Sr. Advisor
);> Professor Jolu1 Russell, Deputy Sr. Advisor
> Professorl(bJ(6l I
Province Rept·esentatioo:
> Inspectors of 14 Provinces (some of their deputies attended the meeting)
> The four missing included the three Kurdish Provinces and Basrah.
MEETING
Opening: Amb. Osio provided an overview and update of the execution of the pro~ie%ct~. ----,
> Completed the nomination and training in the Baghdad Police Academy of J(bJ(6l J who
graduated with the rank of FPS colonel to lead and supervise all SBAH guards;
> Graduated 11 Trainers on 7 January who are now able to grant Facilities Protection Status
(FPS) to State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH) guards;
> Coi.I(bl(6l !and the trainers granted FPS status to alll48 SBAH guards in Dhi Qar
Pro\L,...rin-c-e; __ _J
> Currently obtaining frequencies for ASP radio communication system in Dhi Qar and Diwanya;
and,
.> Cun·ently awaiting contract approval from the U.S. State Department for 15 base mdio stations,
20 4x4 vehicles, 20 mobile radios, 20 radio extenders and 90 hand-held radios for complete
implementation of the ASP Project in Dhi Qar and Diwanya.
Discussion/!,.:~-----,
).> Cotl(bl(6l ! elaborated on his role and future activities.
)> All inspectors discussed, each separately, the modalities of extending the ASP project in each
Province, indicating on large maps of each province the locations ofthe Police Stations where
the radio base stations should be installed for a total (to be further discussed and revised after
inspections by local CPAs and Col. J(bJ(6J I of 60 base radio stations in the other 12
provinces represented (excluding Dhi Qar and Diwaniyeh), plus about 90 vehicles with mobile
radios and radio extenders and about 450 hand-held radios.

!Doc. 10
Overview of the Ministry of CULTURE
Information Provided by PIETRO CORDONE, coalition
Senior Advisor
DA'l'EE ll'rll JULY 2003
r. Functions of the Ministry
'l'he Ministry of Culture covers all the cultural and
tourism activities within Iraq. 'l'here are currently 13
Directorates which are shown in the attached
organizational chart. These sectors matter because of
their contribution to the quality of life of people in
Iraq.
A summary of the specific functions of each Directorate
are:
a. House of Fashion - focuses on the promotion of
contemporary and Arabic styles of design for students
and fashion designers. It also puts on fashion shows.
b. Fine Arts - focuses on both Arabic and contemporary
art work which covers all styles and materials. Also
generates revenue from commissions and sales of items.
c. Al Ma'moun House of Translations - carries out
translations o.f texts, manuscripts and historic books.
d. Children's Culture - help promote cultural activities
for children and young people.
e. House of Books & Documents - this directorate supports
the National Library and has r~sponsibility for policy
on manuscripts.
f. Kurdish Culture - promotes the culture of the Kurdish
peoples and its region.
g. Cultural Affairs.- this promotes general cultural
activities but also includes the publication of
cultural magazines. It also provides a more general
publishing service.
h. Musical Arts - operates a conservatory, symphony
orchestra and classic dance.
i. Theatre & Cinema - promotes Iraqi theatre and film
industry and runs several theatres and cinemas.
j. Convention Centre - this is a conference centre, has
meeting rooms and a large auditorium.
k. Tourism - the promotion and sustainability of Tourism
through out Iraq and the ownership and oper:ation of a
number of hotels and tourist resorts.
..

l. State Board of Antiquities - the organization which
operates the Iraq National Museum and related
governorate museum s and has ownership and operation of
the archaeological sites.
m. Administration - provides administrative support for
the Mini ster and all d i rec torates . .
II. Operational Status of the Ministry
Buildings:
The Ministry has numerous buildings both in Baghdad and
throughout the Governorates. Many of these buildings were
damaged either during the war or looted in its aftermath.
The main ministry building in Haifa St w as badly damaged
and is basically just a shell. Oppos ite the Board of
Tourism lluJ.lding was equally badly damaged. The House of
Fashion building suffered superficial damage and looting
and is currently being refurbished. This building will be a
temporary HQ until the other key Ministry buildings are
refurbished.
The main theatre and film administration buildings were
badly damaged as well as a number of theatres and cinemas.
A number of hotels and tourist resorts were also badly
damaged. Progress on refurbisrunent of a number of these
facilities has taken place primarily because of CPA/
Mi litary intervention e.g the Al Rasheed, Babil Hotel in
Hilla. ·
. .
The Convention Centre i s basically sound as a structure and
is undergoing refurbishment as a resul t of bei ng taken over
by the CP]I.. .
Th101 Nat.ional Library was severely damaged and t he basic
structure is unuseable. It is likely to be demolished.
Both the symphony hall and Nasr Hall suffered superficial
damage arid need basic refurbishment. The Al M a 'moun House
of Translations building is structurally sound but as a
result of looting needs new fixtures and fittings. The Iraq
N ational Museum was looted during the aftermath of the \var
but the building is sound. Refurbishment is currently
taking place.
Personnel Issuess
There are some 7,400 employees at the M inistry of Culture.
Approximately 5, 300 vmrk in Baghdad with the rest in the
Governorates. People are turning up f. or work a· t most of the
dj.rectorates e.g State Board of Anti qui ties, 11usical Arts,

Cultural Affairs, Convention Centre, but because of lack of
tools and fixtures/fittings they are unable to do their
proper jobs. Two oE the larger Directorates Tourism and
'!'heatre and Cinema have many staff who are unable to turn·
up for work because they. have no physical place of >•rork.
Approximately 100 staff have been dismissed. as a result of
de-baathification. Further investigations into a number of
employees is ongoi ng. Two senior members of the Ministry -
Mr Adel Ibrahim and Dr Muyaeed Sa' id Demar j i have been
given temporary exceptions to the de-baathi fica tion order.
Security Concerns
These fall into three ca tegories:
. .
Personal Security of workers - Need to counter the t hreat
of intimidation from Baathist terrorists .
Futu.re Building Security - 'l'here is a need to secur e all
the Ministries bui ldings against squatters and further
looting. A number of Ninistry buildings and properties are
secured through. the presence of Coal ition forces e .g the
Iraq National Huseum, ·the sites of Babylon, Ur and Ki sh.Up
to 1 9· 0 strong Force Protection Security has been identified
a s being needed t o secure t he Ministry buildings in
Baghdad. This force will be either be recruited from
existing personnel or new staff will need to be recruited
subject to budgetary constrai nts . All these guards will
need to be formally trained.
~iating Squatter• - A small number of Ministry buildi ngs
are curr ently. being occupied by freedom f ighters, politi cal
parties or fami lies.
tii. Policy Priorities of the Minist~
These fall into the following ca tegories:
a. Getting the Ministry itself up and running. Until this
happens progress on sorting out key policy and
practical issues will remain disjointed and haphazard.
The priority is to get a sufficient number of offices
refurbished so that the major ity o f · sta~f can go back
to .,.1ork and operate normally.
b. Making secure the key a rchaeological sites.

c. Re furb i s hmen t of t he Iraq National Mus eum and its
Siltelli t e museums i n t he governora tes ..
d. Complete a f ull assessment of the. loot ing a t the
m useums and archaeological sites and a pla n to ensure
the return of l ooted objects .
e. Establ ishment o f a new National Library for I raq.
f. Es tabli s h a new management struc ture for the Touri sm
Directorate and carry out . a n assessment of the future
of Government i nterests i n t ourism res orts and hotels .
IV. ~trategic Plan_ (30, . 60, or 90 dax plans)
30 days
The mai n a.irns are : ·
a. To support the Governance Council kn appointi ng an
"interi mu Hinister of Cul t ure.
b. To pay s taff salarie s for July and A ugust
c. To complete the refurbishment of the Fashion House
whi ch 111 i ll b ecome the temporary H Q of the Hini stry.
d. Have the Coali t ion Military secure the t op 40
archaeolog ical s i t e s .
e . Achieve the transfer of the Officers Club buildinq t o
the M inistr y o f Cul t ure for use a s the new National
Library.
60 days ·
The m ain aims are: ·
a. To work up p riorities for t he Ministry for input into
the 2004 Budge t pr-ocess a nd the Donors conference in
October 2003.
'
b. To let a contr ac t for the r efu:z:·bishment of t he
Officer s Club and s tart m oving the books held by t he
Shia cleric into. the Of f icers club .

c. Comple te an assessme nt of t he requir ements f or the
State Boa rd o f Anti quities i n a +l the Govern ora tes .
d. Commence reconstruction and refurbi shment w ork on a
number of Min i stry pro jects including t he former
M i nistr y o f . Culture H Q building in Haifa St, the
.
· rouri sm Di r ect ora te building in Ha ifa St , the Na t i onal
-Ha l l Theatre, t he Al Khosla building, t he Pol klore
I nstitute Heritage Hall, 4 new stores, the M utanab i
shrine at Al Kut and Nasr Hall.
e. To train all t he guards n eeded t o help secur e the
M inistry' s buildings ~}d secure foreign i n t ernational
suppor t to fund additional guards.
90 days
The m ain aims are:
.
a. To c omplete the Min i stry i nput i nto the 2004 budget
process.
b. To continue wi t h ref urbishment p r oj ec·ts.
c. Finalise Ministry prioritie s for the Donors Conference
l.n October
f. To begin deve l opment of a t ourism policy to encourage
i nward inv e s tment i n the operation of · ho. t els and
tourist facilities currently oper ated by t he
Governm en t.
v. Status- of Ministry Activities in the Governorates
(to best ext ent P9SSible )
Th i s i s extremel y sketchy. The key min istry func tions i n ·
t he reg i ons r e l a te to the State Board of An t iquiti es
control over the archaeol ogical sites a nd r.egional museu~s
and the Tourism Dir ectorate's rol e i n hotel s i n a cross the
gover norates.
Th e informat ion available on the museums is sketchy. W e
understand that the Mosul museum is in reasonable shape but
needs . some refurbishmen t. The Bas ra m useum was very badly
damaged and l ooted. we understand tha t the remains of the
museum ~s being occup ied by h omeless families. The Babylon
museum is basica lly s tructurally sound and refurbis)'unen t
.
..

work is already beginning. The museum at Baquabah is
apparently unaffected. We have little or no information on
museums in the other governorates . CPA officials plan to
make a trip to the museums in the north as soon as the
secur i t y situat ion allows to get an assessment of .museum
needs .
'
We know that many o f the archaeological sites have been or
are stil l being looted·
. W e are currently awai ting the
results of an a. ssessment by Coalition mil itary forces to
make sure that these sites are secured as soon as possible.
In the longer t erm the State Board of An tiquities guards
will need to be properly trained and armed to carry out
their functions properl y .
..
Bight out of the 12 hotels and resorts· across the country
that the Tourism Directorate owns are currently being used
by the CPA. W e are not aware. t hat any of the other . hotels
are cu rrently oper.ating normal ly. A new senior management
team for the 1'ourism Directorate has just · been appointed
and will be developing a new policy for. tourism for Iraq.
VI. Con tact Information for Sen ior Advisor and Key
Iraqi s
Ambassador Pietr o Cordone Senior Advisor J{!?J.{2)
I
m .
(b)(2) , I
(b)(6)
"R5)t2) 4 .
(b)(2)
t
b)(6) l
b)(6)
(b)(6) l(b)(2) T
bU6l
. b)(6) l(b)(2) I
(b)(6) l
(b)(6) I
(b)(6)
bJC6J I
(b)(6) I
(b)(6) llttilt2l I
(b)(6)
(b)(6) l(b)(2) I .
(b)(6)
l(b)(6) l(b)(2) 1
1[<~(2)
I
.
.
•

' Ministry of Culture
Organ izationa I Structure
... : ... :. . .. :<·: ... ; .. , ....... ,
·. Minister of Culture ::
.-:· . . ···::.~':. ... : .. :··
I
. ·::: ·: .......... :; .: .• ..... :>.:·.~:.<. ·~·~ :·: ..... ; :'
:.~·.::.·;:~~:~·;··~·.:.: ~.:·.o:·~·:·:.:.~:- ..... ·.: ~ :~-/~i
.; :. :.:.House :ofF sshiorr ': /.;
·: ~~~:~:~<:~~: ~·~·Y;~·~;·:\·~·~?: ~ ~··~~}~:.::: ; .. ·~.:· ... : :-;~.~~
., ...... ~·-.·~:· :.: .·.: .. ~: .. ,:·· .... ::.. ·:·.: . :
·.::·,AI Ma'nioun Floilse /'. ·'
··;.:.. .... ••• < •••• ~: •• ••
': · : · on raoslati6ns -. >
·, · . .:·: "'. . . .... · .· ·. ,' .. ·.:, .. ~··
.. . . .. ' . . .
.. :
·.
.. •. .
..
>
Kurdish :>. • ·., • • ; • ' I
Culture .~ · . :~~
"·
I
.......
, ..... '· ... : . . . . . . . ...
.: ..... · :, ..
-
.. : .. ~·:.
. }~eatre ~ ~lhe?J~ :(;:
,
. .. ·.. .:. ·: .. :·::-... ' :
: :; State Boartl of
: .·· .• .Antiquities
: ·. . . ,: .. :.
r
< c~il-dren's :: .; ::
. · ... ·~ .. , ..... ·.·.-..~:-·
.~·: , .:curture .. ·<<;
. . . . . .
I .
': House of Books & ..
· .· :Documents · >
. . cor\\ientio~ ... :;:: : · ..
. <:.··~,, .
c ntr.e:·<~:,,
. e . ..: .. ··:·::····
; ~·:, .: .. · .. ·>.·
.·; ; .ropns~
. . ... ' '
-:~: .. ~:;·~.'. ;· :·:.:; ;·::~ ~: .:· ~ .. ~.~.:· ·::
· .. F,neMs .... ·.
:'~·:. '.: :.;·:>):':· .. .-:~: .. : ~ .. ·,
';,:·.~ ........... ·.,: .. . .
· .... ·:.·· .. ·· ':··
~:· MUSIC81Arts
o'• ::: ·.; ··;:.;·:' _.· ···: .:·:.
.. ·.: ... . ·: .: ....... ':::;:,:, •.. ~.1
Cultural Affair.s· , _ · '
. · .. · . ~-.:"\:, ...... :~.
.... -: :..: . :.:·::?.·, :.
' Administration :
,. . ... <·'•·., .;· .. ~ ;_:·;··~· ·:· .

. . ... . . . . . . ....... .
1 Doc. 11
19 May 2004
Amb. Paul Bremer
CPA, Iraq
Dear Amb. Paul Bremer
re: The Old Ministry of Defense
The above ministry falls within Bab Al~Muadham district, which is one of the
oldest areas of Baghdad. The property itself is an excavation site that goes
back to 1tle Abbasid period, more than 1,000 years old. It adjoins important
historic sites such as the Abbasid palace, the Ozbakiyeh mosque, the eastern
side of the old fortress of Baghdad and the Aliyeh school. Since the fall of the
old regime the property has been occupied by squatters and homeless
families.
It came to our attention recently that the property has been commissioned to
Jump Start, a demolition and removal of debris company, to improve the living
conditions for the squatters. They would build new walls, make openings in
existing walls for doors and windows, and provide electricity from the
adjoining Abbasid Palace. This or any kind of work is not allowed at this
property without the full supervision of the Board of Antiquities. The following
measures have been taken so far:
1. An inspection committee from the Board of Antiquities has tried to visit
the property but was denied access by Jump Start.
2. We have spoken on the phone to Mr. Muhaimen of Jump Start to bring
the seriousness of the matter to his attention. He informed me that
Jump Start had been commissioned to do the work by the CPA.
3. We have also spoken to H.E. Ali Allawi, Minister of Defense, who
seemed very sympathetic to our concerns, but had no authority over
the property.
We have no doubt that you fully appreciate the seriousness of the above
matter. Therefore, kindly consider the following:

1. All building and demolition worl<:, including removal of debris, is stopped
immediately. No further work is to take place at this property without
the full supervision of the Board of Antiquities.
2. All squatters are evacuated. Alternative accommodation elsewhere
could be provided.
3. As the Ministry of Defense does not seem to be in need of the property,
we suggest that, considering its historic value, the ownership of
property is transferred to the Board of Antiquities.
Sincerely Yours
H.E. Mufid AI·Jazairi
Minister of Culture
Signed on his behalf b::
jtb )(6) I
I 0 0
Deputy Minister of Culture for Artistic Matters
cc. Mr. John Russell

'
•
•
. !Doc. 12
:J c,. 0~3 ·-() ')
COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
BAGHDAD
INFO MEMO
FOR: THE ADMINISTRATOR
FROM: John Ru~Senior Advisor for Culture
SUBJECT: Bulldozing at Babylon
Recent reports from CPA, U.S. military, Polish military, and Iraqi sources confirm a renewal of
bulldozing activity on important archaeological remains at the military base at Babylon. All but
the U.S. military sources claim that these activities were initiated 'hithout consulting the
appropriate archaeological authorities concerning the potential impact of the project on the site.
This activity is the latest in a long series of destructive alterations lo Babylon that started with
the establishment of a U.S. military base directly on the site immediately after the 2003 war.
Some of this damage was documented inAmb. Osio's November 13 action memo. The
recommendation of that memo has since been partially implemented by the assignment of three
Polish CIMIC archaeologists to Babylon.
Since Babylon is the most famous archaeological site in the world, and since the recent activity
has stirred considerable controversy among those charged with preserving the site, there is
significant potential here for a bad news story focusing on purported American disregard for
obligations under international treaties, Iraqi law, and U.S. military rules in the treatment of this
World Heritage site.
Within the next few days, MNFI Staff Judge Advocate l(bl(3l:10 usc §130b plans to visit
Babylon, accompanied by experts who have appropriate archaeological expe11ise, to make a
preliminary assessment about the extent of the construction work aud the allegations of
impropriety. We \\ill consider whether further action is necessa thereafter. In the meantime, I
wanted to alert you t at ere 1s a risk of bad publicity here, although I am not aware that anyone
from the media is currently inv~gatia~ this story:;
---
.
ATTACHNIENTS: Amb. Osio, 13 Nov. 2003 Action Memo with 3-page attachment
COORDINATION: General Counsel/l(bJ(3J:1o usc §13 I
0
UK Special Representative's ,..,;:O:..,.,f=fi....:,.ce""'~~/-;-,l(b=J(6,.-J_--.-_ ___,I
MNFI Staff Judge Advocate1 ~)~~~10 usc
Director of Civil Affairs/ Giles Denham
COPY:

•
COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
BAGHDAD
INFO MEMO
28May2004
FOR: THE AD:MINISTRATOR
FROM: .-d{G-Y
John Russell, Senior Advisor for Culture, CPA
SUBJECT: Bad news from Babylon
On 27 May 2004, I accompanied MNC-I Staff Judge Advocate j(bJ(3):10 usc §130b I Deputy Senior
Advisor for Culture lib)(6) 1 MNC-I C7 Environmentalist l~b)~:;_,J~
10 usc I and Seabee L T
l~b)~~.:1o Usc Ito Babylon to make a preliminary assessment of damage done to the site by the
establishment and expansion of the military base there. At the site we met State Board of
Antiquities Inspector for BabiljibJ(6J land CPA Babil ocli5
li3
J:~o usc I
Jibl(6l . !described two t)lles of damage. Passive damage is the vibration and crumbling
caused by the passage of heavy vehicles and loud helicopters, which can result in the collapse of
fragile walls. Active damage results from carthmovin activities bulldozing, steamrolling,
ditch digging-in areas with archaeological remains. (b) 6 is not consulted about any of
the work carried out on the site, and when she objects, s e ts to tt is for "security purposes."
The situation was far worse than we had imagined. The military base is sited directly atop the
richest area of known archaeological remains inside the old city walL As we walked to one
installation after another, recenlly bulldozed from the archaeological remains, everyone
expressed disbelief at the amotmt of damage done to the site over the past year. A sampling of
recent damage to archaeological areas includes:
• Three helipads bulldozed from areas known to contain temple and residential remains
dating from ca. 2000 to 500 BC.
• A trench and benn extending hundreds of meters from the area of the temple tower (the
.. Tower of Babel") to the Processional Way, dug in the past few days. The ancient brick
paving of the Processional Way has been crumbled by the passage of heavy vehicles.
• Intensive development around the Hellenistic theatre, including heavy truck parking,
trailer parks, and thousands of sandbags filled with archaeological soil.
l~bJi~~10
usc I win prepare his own report, which he said will contain a recommendation for a
full investigation. I will keep you infonned of further developments, and am ready to meet with
you if you wish.

·--------------- --·
•
ATTACHMENTS: A. llelipad bulldozed from archaeological layers.
B. Berm recently dug in vicinity of Tower of Babel.
C. KBR construction equipment.
D. New construction site bulldozed from ancient residential remains, ·with
standing temple at right.
COORDINATION: Civil Affairs Chief ofStaffll~bJi~~10 usc I
cc: MNC-I Staff Judoe Advocate/ (b)~~~1o usc
General CounseU ~b)i~~10 usc
Chief Operating Officer/ Jeffrey Oster
ChiefPolicy Officer/ A.MB Richard Jones
Director of Civil Affairs/ Giles Denham
UK Special Representative's O:ffice/·r.cl(b.,..,J( 6 ,...l -----,1
General Counselfl(bJ(3):10 USC§130b 1
UNCLASSIFIED 2

--
.. -· .. : ... -....
. ·····
.:::·:::> ....
......
-
. .. .. . . .
.. ·.
. ...
. . . . .
. ...
.. .
.. . .. . · ..
... . . ··.·. · .......... .
... .. . ........ .
. .. ·. ·:· · ...... ···.·.· .. .
······ ...... ·.: ... ·:. · ..... .
.. . ·· ... .
. ·. .. . ... · .. · ..... ·. ·.:.:·
. ·. ·:· ......
. . ·.. . . . . . ...... .
. ... ...
... .
. ·· ..
. ..... .
. . .. .
. ...
·····
.. ·.
. .....
. . .. .
. ..
... . .
. ..

·,
.. ..
.. .. . .
. ....
.. ·.
. ..
. . . : ·:·. :::·.·.·.·
.. · ..
. : .... .
·.··:::.:·.:.:.· ..... ... .
·. ·:· ..... ·:·:·:· .
·. ?••·········· .
. .... :· ·. . .. ;. .
. . · .... ·. . ......... .
.. . : ... · ..... ·:·· .. : .... .
. ........ :····· .... ·····
. . ;. . . .. ... .. .. ...... .
.. :: ··. .. .. : .. .
.... .. ..
. ...
. ...

··. : ..
' •
- ......... ·..... .. .. . . -.. : ... - . .; : : ... -.. .
... ·.: .. :·.::·· ..
.... ·· .. ····.· ....... ::·: ..
. .. .. . ·····
..... :: :.:· .. : > · .. · .. ··. · .. :· .: : ....
.. .. .
. · .... : .: .. > ::·;::::. · ......... .
·. ·· .... ······ ..... .
. .. . · ..... .
. ..... . ..
...... : ....... .
..... . ... .. ... .
... .
· . .. :·. · ....... · .. · ..
.. .
.. ... · .. .;
....
.. ..
. ·.. .. ... . . . .. · ...
.. . .. . ....
. .. ·.
. . .
. ...
I
..
....
·.· .
.. ..
. ... ...
......
.. . ..
... ...
....

. . :· ..
. .....
.. ·.
....
•
.... ... -....
. ..... ·.: :·
:: .. ::.·:.:_· ... · ......... .
. .. .
. ... . . . . . .. :· ...... .
. . ... >·· .. .
. . . ... .. · ...... .
. . .... . ...... .
. · ....
.. . .
:·. ·. ::·:: ... · .. > ..
. ...
.... . ...
. · .....
.. ... .. . .. ... ... ..
. · ..... .
. . ·.:· ... · ...... .
. ·:·. .. . .. ·· .
.. . ... .
· ........... : .
. · ...... .
. ...... .. .
. ...
. ...
. ...
. ...
·. · ..
. ....
....
.. ...
.. .
. . · ...
. . .
. . · .
. · ...

'
Ut.{OC,~~-1 0
!Doc. 14
COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
BAGHDAD
ACTION MEMO
June 23,2004
FOR: 11ffi ADMINISlRA TOR
FROM: .~"' ·""-"
Giles Denhl~. Director Civil Affairs
(for Zainab Bahrani, Senior Consultant for Culture)
SUBJECT: Old Ministry of Defense Complex
Deputy Minister of Culture, Maysoon al Damluji, objected that the NGO JumpStart is has
converting the Ottoman Ministry of Defense complex into housing for squatters. She points out
that the Jraq Antiquities law requires approval from the State Board of Antiquities and Heritage
for any construction on historic buildings or sites. Neither the new Ministry of Defense, (which
believes it owns the site) nor JumpStart has been authorized by the State Board to work here.
State Board of Antiquities members have attempted to see the site but were denied access by
Ministry guards. On June 19, Zainab Bahrani visited the area. She reports that the complex is a
well known historic site that includes old Abbasid period walls. Excavations conducted in the
past revealed that the walls of the 121 h-13th century Abbasid palace are preserved under the
unexcavated area of the site. The complex is near to the al Qushla, all of which is a well known
historical area. Continued work by JumpS tart in the area risks destroying unexcavated remains of
M~diaeval Baghdad.
Sean O'Sullivan, Director of JumpStart is more than willing to meet with the State Board of
Antiquities to discuss work on the site. I have given him their contact details and he will set this
up. In view of the Deputy Minister's interest, it would be useful if the Ministries of Culture and
Defense were represented.
The ownership of the site is also being debated. The Facility Management Office has two
applications are pending. from the Ministry ofHousing and Construction (29 March) and from
the Ministry of Culture (7 June). However, no Letter of Agreement has been issued and the issue
will need to be resolved by the Interim Iraqi Government.
RECOMMENDATION (1):
Sign the attached draft letter to Deputy Minister al Damluji explaining the work we have done to
facilitate an early meeting and stating that the Iraq Interim Government needs to establish who
the site should belong to.
UNCLASSIFIED

- - -
-----~·- - --- -
• •
•
·2-
Disapprove: __ _ Approve with modification:. __ _
Attachment: Draft Jetter to Deputy Minister al Damluji.
COORDINATION: JumpStart/Sean 0' Sullivan
CC: Housing and ConstructionJRoliffPurrington
Defense/Fred Smith
/
UNCLASSIFIED

·---···--
.·
•
.
- · .
..
•
COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
BAGHDAD
Ms. Maysoon AI Damluji
Deputy Minister
Ministry of Culture
Iraq
Dear Ms. Al Damluji:
Thank you for your letter of 19 May regarding the Old Ministry of Defense
complex in the Bab Al-Muadham district. Because of the historical importance of the
site, it is vital that JumpStart meets immediately with the State Board of Antiquities and
Heritage to discuss the work it is doing on part of this complex. I have arranged for the
Director of JumpStart, Mr Sean O'Sullivan, to contactl(b)(§)_ I the Board's Director
General for Excavation/Investigation. Additionally. as the site is guarded by the Ministry
of Defense and access has proved difficult in the past, you may want a representative
from your office and the Ministry of Defense to attend the meeting. Mr O'Sullivan can
be contacted onl(b)(6) @j(b)(2) lor MCI mobile~b)(2)
=- I
The future ownership of the site will need to be established by the Interim Iraqi ·
Government.
Sinc~ly,
U £1\ I j
L Paul Bremer III
Administrator
CC: Zainab Bahrani I Senior Consultant to Ministry of Culture
Fred Smith I Senior Consultant to Ministry of Defense
Sean 0' Sullivan I JumpStart
...
...

...............
----- -- --- - ...
Doc. 15
COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORlTY
BAGHDAD
ACTION MEMO
June 5, 2004
FOR:
FROM: L. Paul Bremer M ~ o f' o. ~ 0 -
• • • " • • I
:, :'•J I • "
SUBJECT: Destruction at Babylon
On Ma 27 2004, CPA Senior Advisor for Culture John Russell, MNC-I Staff Judge
Advocate (b)(3): 10 USC§ 13 CPA Senior Consultant for Cultw-c Zainab Bahrani, MNC-I C7
Environmentalistj (b)(3):'10"'us I and Seabee j(b)(3):1Q O§G§ ~cnt to Babylon to make a
preliminary assessment of damage done to the sik by the military base. There they met State
Board of Antiquities Inspector for Babil (b)(6) and CPA Babil GcJ(b){61J
@li) Russell, Bahrani, l are all experienced archaeologists.
The situation was much worse than expected. Fragile cultural remains are under every
square meter of the base, which is located directly atop the richest known archaeological area
inside ancient Babylon. The damage done over the past year is astonis~g . . The appearance of
the site has been transformed: where there previously were rolling mounds formed by the
remains of ancient buildings, now there arc helipads, parking lots, trailer parks, and utility areas.
As l(b)(6) • I put it, "The entire principle of using an archaeological site as a military
base is fundamentally incorrect." As long as the base remains on the site, further damage is
inevitable, including the coUnpse of fragile walls due to vibration from the passage of heavy
vehicles and loud helicopters, and the bulldozing, steamrolling, and ditch digging that
characterize an active base. To avoid furth~r damage, the following actions are recommended:
{!)Immediately develop plans to move the ~ilitaty base awa_y from the archaeolgg!cal site.
Implement these plans as soon as possible.
(:\Immediately issue an order halting all multinational and civilian construction activity in
V ihe area of the base. Take appropriate measures to ensure full compliance.
,...,.
( '\
[ ~ j Initiate a full investigation into the recent damage. This must be conducted by qualified
\.7 tie!d archaeologists independent of the local military colllJYiands and civilian contractors.
Professors Bahrani and Russell v.ill accompany ~ j (b - l( .... 6)........_o=;.~l to the site within the next few
days to demonstrate the necessity of these actions. /.,- f tJ,
II"".,(""'~ b)
1
RECOMMENDA.'fl()N;. ~
( ement the three recommendations above. (b)(6)
! J ~" ,1\
Approve: \ Disapprove: Approve with 1~oclificati
\__ _ _-- I
UNCLASSIF1ED

..
-··------·----
.
I Doc. 16
BABYLON TIMELJNE
21 May 04 27 May 04 28 May 04 31 May 04 01 Jtme 04 03 June 04 10 June 04 1 0 June 04 Info Memo from John Russell, Senior Advisor for Culture to Ambassador Bremer
Subject: Bulldozing at Babylon
COL Karl Goetzke and John Russell visit Babylon for preliminary assessment of
accuracy of allegations of archeological damage by CF
Into Memo from John Russe\1, Senior Advisor for Culture to Ambassador Bremer
Subject: Uad News from Babylon
Memo from l(b)(3):10 USC Ito (~~l(~)}?no !subject: Site Visit - Babylon Ruins, t\.1
Hillah, Lraq
MNC-1 FRAGO 096: Protection of Historical and Environmental Sites
MNF-1 FRAOO f1l7: Cessation of Construction Work Vicinity Babylon
NINC-1 W t\.RNO Relocate Camp Alpha (Babylon)
MNF-I CG orders 151-6 investigation
11 June 04 MNF-1 FRAGO 039: Babylon Talking Points
1

\
IDoc. 17
Joint Statement Issued by
Ambassador L. Paul Bremer III and Lt. Gen. Ricardo Sanchez
.June J 1, 2004
Recently, the Coal iLion dispatched a team of archaeologists and Iraqi cultural antiquities experts to the
city of Babylon (Babil) to assess the current condition of the archaeological site located at Camp
Alpha, a Coalition base originally established to protect and deft:nd the ancient city of Babylon during
military operations in 2003.
Based on the experts' tindings, Ambassador L. Paul Bremer III and Lt. Gen. Ricardo Sanchez have
collectively taken the following action·. 1} Issued a directive c.alling for aJ 1 contractors working in or
around the vicinity of the Babylon site to halt any activities that are or may be likely to cause
archaeological damage, 2) Directed an official investigation into the construction and expansion of
Camp Alpha to ensure that the Coalition is respecting the surrounding archaeological site, 3) Instructed
that planning begin for the relocation of all Coalition troops in the immediate area of Babylon, and 4)
Consider remediation tor any damage detennined through the investigation.
The Coalition is committed to continue working with the citizeru; of Iraq and the Ministry of Cui Lure to
preserve Iraq's cultural heritage. Any future construction, excavation, ur expansion of facilities in the
vicinity of Babylon will be done in close consultation with the Iraqi State Board of Antiqwtie.s. Iraq's
treasures are nul only or great importance to Iraq, but to the entire international community and
civilization as a whole.

. . . ....... .. .
'
·
.
)
'
..
: . ; :':. . .
' f.... . . <;:·· LPB HAS SEEN
. . ~
_.,·._: .... ._;.
.. .·.
COALrffO't;;j< pRQVISlONAL AUTHORITY
BAGHDAD
I Doc. 19
- · INFO MEMO
I· LPB HAS s· EEN
15 June 2004
FOR.: 1HE ADMlNISTRATOR
.... '(.• ... ..;o-
"'~·-
FROM: John Russell, Senior Advisor for Culture
SUBJECT: Request that I deliver a letter on behalf of the Australian Government
This afternoon at 1400, 1 met withj(b)(6) :. !Deputy Repr esent,v~ in the Australian
Representative Office in Baghdad together with RAAF Group Captain_ ltljofthe
CPA Office of the General Counsel.
KB)(6) I told me of her government's grave ~oncern about the situation at Babylon. She
asked me on behalf of the Australian government to convey this concern to you, along with a
sealed letter that I assume treats this subject.
She asked me to stress that her government has additional concerns beyond those of the United
States and Great Britain, due to Australia's obligations as a signatory to the 1954 Hague
Convention and other conventions.
She requested a reply from you on this matter.
A TIACHMENTS: Letter to Ambassador L. Paul Dremer III
cc: Senior Consultant for Culturcl Prof. Zainab Bahrani

••
-
•
•
REl'RESEI'o'T A TlVE
AliS'IlULIA. 'j REPRESE.'i'f A'CIH: OI'FICE
BAGHDAD ·
15 June 2004
Ambassador L. Paul Bremer HI
Administrator
Coalition Provisional Authority
Baghdad IRAQ
Dear Ambassador Bremer
I am writing to express my Government's deep concern at reports that significant damage has
been done to archaeological sites around Babylon by Coalition military forces. I understand
that damage includes some irreparable destruction of archaeological mounds and elements of
the military base being built on top of some particularly valuable sites.
I understand that you have expressed your own serious concerns about the problem, and are
working to manage it, for which r would liki! to express my appreciation: Nonetheless, the
issue remains that significant damage has already been done.
Australia, unlike the United States. and United Kingdom, is a party to the Hague Convention
on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. Australia also has a
series of other international legal obligations relating to the preservation of sites, including
the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions.
The Ausualian Government would encourage Coalition leadership to continue to do
everything practicable to stop further damage and to preserve archaeological sites in Iraq,
including Babylon. ·
l would be.gratcfu1 to receive your assurances on this matter.
HouseS, Street5, Sector 923, Babylon District, Jadriyah, Baghdad, IRAQ
Tel~-pbone: +964 I 778 221 U Facsimile: +964 I 778 221ll
W cbsite: http:/iwww.dfar.gov .au/iraqi
I

--- -·-·--
.
- -··-
..
COA UTIO~ PROVISIONAL A UT HORITY
BACiiiDAD
1 9 JUN 2004
Mr. Neil.\1ules
Australian Representative Office
Baghdad, Iraq
Dear Mr. Mules,
Thank you for your letter of 15 June to Ambassador Bremer. I would like to assure
you that the Coalition fully shares your government's concern for the protection and
preservation of the ancient city of Babylon. In recent days, CPA and MNF-1 have join tly
undertaken the following steps to avoid unnecessary damage to its archeological treasures:
• Issued orders to military units and civi !ian contractors to halt all construction unless it
is critical for force protection;
• Ordered a formal investigation on the impact of the camp on the archaeologicaJ site;
• Ord.;::red the formation ofan archaeological review board (including lraqi, CPA, and
MNfi officials, as well as substautive experts) to advise on future activities that could
impact the integrity of the site;
.
• Initiated plans to relocate military facilities away !Tom the stte;
• Proposed coordination with the Iraq State Board of Antiquities and Heritage to ensure
future protection of Babylon from vandals and looters, and to seek remedies for any
damage already done to the site. ·
Our goal is to ensure Babylon's sanctity as a protected historical site, open to the public and
protected from threats.
fjerely,
I I ''/'L.,. _/ I
"''/ v
·chard H. Jones
Deputy Administrator
/
.·

---------------------------------------------------
.
•
,
()'f ()(:;j~-1 )__
IDoc. 20 I
COALITION PROVJSJONAL AUTllORITY
BAGHDAD
~ 01v~ ~n~~
ACTION MEMO
((~y}(/)
June 15, 2004
FOR: THE ADMINISTRATOR
FROM: Zainab Bahrani, Senior Consultant for Cultw·e 4't~f
SUBJECT: New Work at Babylon
On Monday, June 14 a delegation organized b MNF-I PAO ( 'Cnt to
Babylon to view the site and to meet with (b l t e camp commander's
Political Advisor. The group included two members who had been present at the May 2ih
preliminary assessment of the site, Prof. Zainab Bahrani and i(bJ(3J: 1 o usc§ 130b I
At the request ofBahrani and J(bJ(6J Jpart of the group depaned from the prepared itinerary and
returned to an area that encompasses Babylonian house remains that had been assessed on May
271b. Bahrani and [6H6 1 observed new construction and movement of earth in this area, work that
had not been visible on May 271 h. Had members irom the first assessment mission not been
included in the group, this new construction work would have passed unnoticed.
J(bJ(6l Jalso infonned the group that the Polish archaeologists were conducting
restoration work on the temples oflshtar and Ninmah. Bahram questioned the Polish military
archaeologist and the Iraqi Inspector of antiquities about the restoration work, and learned that
permission for this work has not been granted by the State Board of Antiqu~ties and Heritage,.
The Iragj Inspector strongly requested that this WQrk cease.
RECOMMENDATION (1): l(bJ(5J I
(b)(5)
Approve:. ___ _ RECOMMENDATION (2): (bl(5l
(b)(5)
Disapprove:. __ _ Approve with modification:.-.-- _ -.
Approve:. ____ _ Disapprove:. ____ __ Approve with modification:. __ _
COORDINATION: Strategic Communications~.L(b_J(_6
cc: COL CJTF7I~b)~:;.!~1o usc
l ______ ___j
UNCLASSIFIED

• ..
•
-2-
UK Special Representative l(b)(6l I
General Counselj(b)(3):10 usc §~30b 1
L "NCLASSIFIED

---·· · ··-·· __
COALITION PROVTSfONAL AUTHORITY
BA(jHDAD
DIRECTIVE
June 9, 2004
MEMORANDUM FOR COMtvlANDER, MNF~l
HEAD OF CONTRACTING ACTIVJTY, CPA
DIRECTOR, PROGRAM MANAGEMENT OffiCE
SUBJECT: Cessation of Certain Contracting Activities at Camp Alpha, Iraq
Pursuant to my authority as Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) and
under the laws and usages of war, and consistent with relevant U.N. Security Council
Resolutions, including Resolutions 1483 and 1511 (2004), and the obligations of the CPA under
applicable international law. including Article 56 of the Hague Regulations and Anicle 5 ofthe
Cultural Property Convention, f hereby direct all contrel(:tors operating in Iraq to immediately
stop all construction, excavation or other activities at or adjacent to Camp Alpha that are likely to
cause archal.'Ological damage.
This directive shall not apply to activities that the MNF-1 Commander or his designee determines
are absolmdy essential requirements for force protccli()n,
Violations of this directive may result in appropriate administrative and/or disciplinary action.
'
This directive shall be effectively immediately, and shall remain in effect until rescinded, in
writing, by me or until June 30, 2004, whichever cc ir.st.
I
/. iv'\.- (
L. auJ Brcme~~
Administrator
/
Ot;t(o\D--08'
' j
~----~ !
IDoc. 21 I
<j7 CA~:J i' lw :
_;- ( LuJA~~"J i
' ~
i
,
·'
\
' ' v
~
' ;.
~
' ' ,,
' "
.,
'•
' ..
.
" '
·r
,. , ,
·'
..
,.
-'
.
'
.
'
•
,, ,•
·:
:·
..
' '
i
.,
<.
' '
)
1.
...
·<
, .
...
·"
~.!
" ,. : .
••
,.
::
..
~:
.;,
I'<
' '
'
-
• A
,.,
UNCLASSifiED
•

IDoc. 22
IRAQ
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK
Mar~h 15, 2004
I. Objectives
t. The Environmental and Social Screening and Assessment Framework (ESSAF) provides general
policies, guidelines, codes of practice and procedures to be integrated into the implementation of the
initial phase of World Bank-supported emergency reconstruction operations in Iraq. This Framework has
been developed to ensure compliance with the World Bank's safeguard policies under the current
conditions in Iraq. The objective of the ESSAF is to ensure that activities under the proposed
reconstruction operations will address the following issues:
•:• Protect human health;
•!• Prevent or compensate any loss of livelihood~
•!• Minimize environmental degradation as a result of either individual subprojects or their
cumulative effects;
•!• Minimize impacts on cultural property; and
•:• Enhance positive environmental and social outcomes.
ll. General Principles
2. Recognizing the emergency nature of the proposed relief and reconstruction operations and the
related need for providing immediate assistance, white at the same time ensuring due diligence in
managing potential environmental and social risks, the ESSAF is based on the following principles:
•!• The proposed operations wilt support multiple subprojects, the detailed designs of which may not
be known at appraisal. To ensure effective application of the World Bank's safeguard policies,
the ESSAF provides guidance on the approach to be taken during implementation for the
.'!election and design of subprojects and the planning of mitigation measures;
•:• Envirorunental category 'A' subprojects are not expected in the frrst year's subprojects. If any do
occur, EAs for specific subprojects will be prepared during implementation, instead of before
appraisal. Corrective measures in the form of an Environmental Management Plan will be built
into either the emergency project or a future lending operation. The above is in accordance with
paragraph 13 ofOP 4.01 and paragraph 5 of BP 4.01;
•!• No resettlement issues are expected in any of the FY04 operations for the first year's subprojects.
If any do occur, Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), and/or Resettlement Policy Frameworks for
specific subprojects will be prepared. However, these RAPs can be prepared during
implementation, provided a waiver on the submission of RAPs prior to appraisal is given by the
MD. The waiver would also specify a timetable for the preparation of the RAPs, in accordance
with the requirements of OP 4.12, during implementation~
•!• The proposed emergency reconstruction operations will finance feasibility and detailed design
· studies for these subsequent investments, which will include environmental assessments and
social studies as required by World Bank safeguard policies;

-2 ~
•!• Project design and subproject selection will aim at maintaining regiona1 balance and equity
among ethnic religious groups, considering variations in population densily. Employment
opportunities within the projects will be available on an equal basis to all, on the basis of
professional competence, irrespective of gender or ethnic or )'eHgious group. In all projects which
require consultations with local communities or beneficiaries, consultations will be conducted to
elicit the views of the male and female population; and
•!• Consultation and disclosure requirements will be simplified to meet the special needs of these
operations. This ESSAF will be disclosed in the sector ministries and other public places in Iraq
and in the World Bank lnfoShop.
III. Environmental and Social Screening and Assessment Framework (ESSAF)
3. This ESSAf has been developed specifically for these proposed operations to ensure due
diligence, to avoid causing harm or exacerbating social tensions, and to ensure consistent treatment of
social and environmental issues by all donors and the Governing Council of Iraq. The purpose of this
Framework is also to assist the Project Implementing Agencies in screening all the subprojects for their
likely social and environmental impacts, identifying documentation and preparation requirements and
prioritizing the investments.
4. P 4.01 Environmental Asses.<liment. Most of the proposed subprojects are likely to focus on the
repair, rehabilitation, reconstruction and upgrading (where necessary) of damaged buildings, roads,
railways, bridges and infrastructure of critical importance. This would include power generation and
distribution, agricultural infrastructure, irrigation and drainage networks, and rehabilitation of primary
and secondary schools. Support will also be provided for mitigation measures related to the
rehabilitation/restoration of the Mesopotamian Marshes and Shatt El Arab. The work in these areas will
be done under OP 4.01 and it is not anticipated that OP 4.04 on natural habitats will be triggered.
5. Considering the nature and magnitude of potential environmental impacts from relatively limited
scale and magnitude of reconstruction works, the proposed operations are likely to be classified as
category 'B'. The requirement to can·y out an Environmental Analysis as part of project preparation can
be waived but, for subprojects with potential adverse impacts, a limited Environmental Analysis will be
done during project implementation. At the same time, prior to appraisal the implementing agency will
agree to apply the following minimum standards during implementation: inclusion of standard
environmental codes of practice {ECOP) in the repair and reconstruction bid documents of all subprojects;
review and oversight of any major reconstruction works by specialist~; implementation of
environmentally and socially sound options for disposal of debris; and provisions for adequate budget and
satisfactory institutional armngements for monitoring effective implementation.
6. OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement. The need for involuntary resettlement or land acquisition in
specific subproject areas will only be known during project implementation, when site~specific plans are
available. Therefore subprojects will be screened for applicability of the resettlement policy and any
subprojects involving involuntary resettlement or land acquisition will only be approved after preparation
of a resettlement plan acceptable to the Bank. Several issues will increase the complexity of land
acquisition - the lack of reliablt: land record systems, and the inability of people loosing land to either
document ownership or be physically present to make their claims for eligibility. The safeguards
framework will therefore include procedures for identifying eligible project-affected people, calculating
and delivering compensation, and mechanisms for land dispute grievance redress.
7. Although land disputes between private parties and refugees from war, or natural disasters are not
covered by OP 4.12, the policy does cover those displaced by the project's activities. Even for those not

-3-
covered by the policy, and to ensure effective poverty reduction, it is good practice for the borrower to
undertake a social assessment and implement measures to minimize and mitigate adverse social impacts,
particularly on poor and vulnerable groups. WeH documented consultation mechanisms will be required
to establish eligibility for compensation. Absent refugees who later claim compensation will require clear
legal remedies to resolve or adjudicate disputes.
8. OD 4.20 Indigenous Peoples. Ethnicity is only one of many factors determining vulnerability in
the present Iraqi context. Local circumslances vary too greatly to make generali£alions. However, initial
discussions with anthropologists and sociologists familiar with the country found that the presence of the
five defining characteristics nonnally used (OD 4.20 paragraph 5) are inconclusive in Iraqi's context,
where the ethnic group concept is analytically problematic. According to sodal scientists familiar with
gl'Ound realities in Iraq, selecting a sub-section of the society for special attention in accordance with the
requirements ofOD 4.20 (e.g., separate plans tor different groups) would be coUllterproductive and could
even end up escalating tl1e conflict with}n and between communities.
9. In light of the above shnation, a potential vulnerabilily assessment of all affected groups is
planned to ensure effective consultations and culturally appropriate benefits for each group~ instead of
focusing only on groups defined as "indigenous peoples". As part of this analysis, subproject preparation
will assess the vulnerability of different ethnic groups in particular project contexts (in terms of potential
exclusion from project benefits, negative project impacts, and the need for specific culturaHy compatible
mechanisms for participation), and will incorporate adequate measures to address such vulnerability in
pr()ject design. While some specific cases may justifY stand-alone Indigenous Peoples Development Plans
(IPDP) such as in the case of the people in the Mesopotamian Marshlands, these cases can only be
determined after social analysis of potential vulnerability and careful judgment as required by the OD
4.20.
I 0. OPN 11.03 Cultural Property. The FY04 operations may pose limited risks of damaging
cultural property, assuming that they will not include large-scale excavations, movement of earth or
demolition. Nevertheless, projects and subprojects will be reviewed for their potentia) impact on cultural
property and clear procedures will be required for idt:mtification, prott~clion of cultural property from
theft, and treatment of discovered artifacts, and will be included in standard bidding documents. While
not damaging cultural property, subpr~ject preparation may later identify and include assistance for
preservation of historic or archeological sites. If these opportunities occur, cultural property management
plans would be prepared for those subprojects.
11. OP 4.37 Safety of Dams. There are about 50 darns over 15 meters high, which will trigger the
policy if included in the operations. However, because of local site conditions, even restoring smaller,
earthen dams and linked irrigation infrastruL.1ure (partly abandoned, damaged or destroyed by civiltmrest
and war) will require application of standard engineering safety codes, inspection and evaluation of their
safety status, and preparation and implementation of operation and maintenance procedures. Decisions
on dam safety requirements will be made with the concurrence of the Bank
12. OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways. The two major rivers in Iraq, the Tigris and
Euphrates, are shared with neighboring countries. However, no water sharing agreements exist between
Syria, Turkey, Iran and Iraq. Components affecting waters in riparian neighbors will trigger the policy
and project components will be screened to identity riparian issues and to ensure adequate notification, as
required under the policy. Decisions on actions and requirements will be made with the concurrence of
the Bank.
/

-4-
IV. Safeguard Screening and Mitigation
13. The selection, design> contracting, monitoring and evaluation of subprojects will be consistent
with the foHowing guidelines, codes of practice and requirements. The Coalition Provisional Authority
(CPA) will confirm that areas to be accessed during reconstruction and rehabilitation activities have been
de-mined. The safeguard screening and mitigat1on process will include:
•!• A Jist of negative characteristics rendering a proposed subproject ineligible for support,
Attachment 1;
•!• A proposed checklist of likely environment and social impacts to be filled out for each
subproject or group of subprojects, Attachment 2;
•!• Guidelines for land and asset acquisition, entitlements and compensation, Attachment 3;
•!• Procedures for the protection of cultural property, including the chance discovery of
archaeological artifacts, unrecorded graveyards and burial sites, Attachment 4;
•:• Relevant elements of the codes of practice for the prevention and mitigation of potential
environmental impacts, Attachment 5; and
•:• A sample Environmental Safeguards procedures for Inclusion in tbe Technical Specifications
of Contracts, Attachment 6.
V. Responsibilities for Safeguard Screening and Mitigation
14. A number of Ministries will act as the implementing agencies for the proposed operations,
including the Ministries of Environment, Transport, Housing and Construction, Electricity, Water
Resources. Municipalities and Public Works, and the mayoralty of Baghdad. Each Ministry will be
responsible tor applying the satcguard screening and mitigation requirements to its own subprojects.
Within each Ministry, a Safeguards Focal Point (SFP) will be identified with responsibility for overseeing
the implementation of the Framework.
VI. Capacity-Building and Monitoring of Safeguard Framework Implementation
15. As part of the capacity-building to be provided for implementation of the proposed operations,
the Safeguards Focal Points and relevant staff of the concerned Ministries will also receive training in
ESSAf's application.
16. To assist in this capacity-building, and 1o provide subsequent guidance and review of the
ESSAF's application, the World Bank and subsequently the Governing Council of Iraq (GCI) will
contract specialist services for environmental and social safeguards. During supervision of these
operations, the World Bank wil1 assess the implementation of the ESSAF, and recommend additional
strengthening. if required.
VII. Consultation and Disclosure
17. This ESSAF will be shared with the CPA, with the concerned nongovernmental organizations and
development partners oflraq's reconstruction. lt will be disclosed in Arabic and English by the Ministry
of Planning and Development Cooperation on behalf of the GCI in Baghdad, Basrah, and Mosul, and it
will also be made available at the World Bank's InfoShop. Relevant subproject specific safeguard
documents/mitigation plans prepared subsequently will also be disclosed.

-5-
18. The proposed operations will support a number of feasibility and detailed design s.tudies for
future infrastructure investments for which World Bank safeguard policies relating to consultation and
disclosure will apply. In particular, fot· environmental Category A and B investments1 proposed for future
operations, the implementing agency will consult project-affected groups and local nongovernmental
organizations on the project's environmental and social aspects, and will take their views into account.
The implementing agency will initiate these comultations as early as possible, and for meaningful
consultations, will provide relevant material in a timely manner prior to consultation, in a form and
language(s) that are understandable and accessible to the groups being consulted.
19. For Category A pr~jects, the implementing agency will consult these groups at least twice: (a)
shortly after the environmental screening and prior to finalization of the terms of reference for the
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); and (b) once a draft EJA report is prepared. For the initial
consultation, the implementing agency will provide a summary of the proposed project's objectives,
description, and potential impacts. For both Category A and B projects, the implementing agency will
provide these groups with a summary of the EIA report's conclusions. ln add1tion, the implementing
agency will make the draft reports publicly available to project-affected groups and local
nongovernmental organizations.
1 As defined in World Bank Operational Policy 4.01, Environmental Assessment.

I"".
----- - -·
'
.
i
- 6 -
Attachment 1
List of Negative Subproject Attributes
Subprojects with any oftbc attributes listed below will be ineligible for support under the propose-d
emergency reconstruction operations.
Attributes of Ineligible Subprojects
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Concerning significant conversion or degradation of critical natural habitats. Including, but not limited
to, any activity within:
• Mesopotamian Marshlands;
• Shatt EJ Arab Wetlands;
• Wildlife Reserves; and
• Parks and Sanctuaries .
Damages cultural property, including but not limited to, any activities that affect the following sites:
• Archaeological and historical sites; aud
• Religious monuments, structures and cemeteries .
Re _guiring pesticides that full in WHO classes lA, IB, or II.
.
Affecting waters of riparian neighbors.
Drinking Water Supply .
New or expansed of piped water schemes to serve I 0,000 or more households.
Sanitation
.
Solid Waste
New wastewater treatment plants to serve 10,000 or more households.
--
----
. ..
New disposal site or significant expansion of an existing disposal site.
Roads
New primary roads and highways.
Irrigation
New i'!_igation and drainage_sc~mes.
Dams
Construction of dams more than 5 meters high. Rel1abilitation of dams more than 15 meters high.
Power
New power generating capacity of more than 1 0 MW.
Oil and Gas .
New exploration, production or distribution.
Rehabilitation of production or distribution systems.

-7-
Attributes oflneli!ibJe Subprojects
Income Generating Activities
Activities involving the use of fuel wood. including trees and bush.
Activities involvin_g the use of ha7.ardous substances.
-

- 8-
Attachment 2
Checklist of Likely Environmental and Social Impacts of S• bprojects
This Form is to be used by the Safeguard Focal l'oint (SFP) or Project Implementation Unit (PIU) in
Screening Subproject Applications.
Note: One copy of this fonn and accompanying documentation to be kept in the PIU office and one copy
to be sent to the task team leader of the World Bank.
Name of Subproject:
Number of Subproject:
Proposing Agency:
Subproject L . ocation:
Subproject Objective:
Infi·astructure to be Rehabilitated:
Estimated Cost:
Proposed Date of Commencement ofWork:
Technical Drawing/Specifications Reviewed (circle answer): Yes No
I. Subproject Related Issues
SNo ISSUES A . I. 2. 3. N() Small Medium Lar_g_e
Zoninx and Laud Use Plaoniol!
Will the subproject affe-ct land use zoning and planning or
conflict with _prevalent land usc Qartcms?
Will the subproject involve significant land disturbance or
site clearance? . .
Will the subproject land be subject to potential
encroachme: mt by urban or industrial use or located in an
area intended for urban or industrial development?
- - -
·-----
.
-· . . .

-9-
B. Utilities and Facilities
4. Will the subproject require the setting up of ancillary
production facilities?
5. Will the subproject make significant demands on utilities
and services?
6. Will the subproject require significant levels of
accommodation or service amenities to support the
workforce during construction (e.g., contractor will need
more than 20 workers)?
c Water and Soil Contamination
7. Will the subproject require large amounts of raw materials
or construction materials?
8. Will the subproject generate large amounts of residual
wastes, construction material waste or cause soil erosion?
9. WiJl the subproject result in potential soil or water
contamination (e.g., from oil, grease and fuel from
equipment yards)? -
1 0. Will the subproject lead to contamination of ground and
surface waters by herbicides for vegetation control and
chemicals (e.g., calcium chloride) for dust control?
II. WilJ the subproject lead to an increase in suspended
sediments in streams affected by road cut erosion, decline
in water quality and increased sedimentation downstream?
12. Will the subproject involve the use of chemicals or
solvents'!
13. Will the subpl'oject lead to the destruction of vegetation
and soil in the right-of-way, borrow pits. waste dumps,
an4. eq~Em~nt yard~?
-
14. Will the subproject lead to the creation of stagnant water
bodies in borrow pits, quarries, etc., encouraging for
mosquito breeding and other disease vectors?
D. 15. 16. 17. Noise and Air Pollution Hazardous Substances
w m the subproject increase the levels of harmful air
emissions?
Will the su~roject increase ambient noise levels?
Will the subproject involve the storage, handling or
transport of hazardous substances?
E. Fauna and Flora
18. Will the subproject involve the disturbance or
modification of existing drainage channels {rivers, canals)
or surface water bodies (wetlands, marshes)J
19. Will the subproject lead to the destruction or damage of
terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems or endangered species
directly or by induced development?
20. Will the subproject lead to the disruption/destruction of
wildlife through interruption of migratory routes,
disturbance of wildlife habitats, and noise-related
problems?
··-

-10-
F. 2l. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Destruction/Disru tion of Land and Ve~tetation
Will the subproject lead to unplanned use of the
infrastructure being developed?
Will the subproject lead to long~tenn or semi~pennanent
destruction of soils in cleared areas not suited for
agriculture?
Will the subproject lead to the interruption of subsoil and
overland drainal:!.e patterns (in areas of cuts and tills)?
Will the subproject lead to landslides, slumps, slips and
other mass movements in road cuts?
Will the subproject lead to erosion of lands below the
roadbed receiving concentrated outflow carried by covered
or open drains?
Will the subproject lead to long~term or semi~permanent
destruction of soils in cleared areas nol suited for
agriculturtl? -·
Will the subproject lead to health hazards and interference
of plant growth adjacent to roads by dust raised and blown
by vehicles'!
G. Cultural Property - ·- ·-·
28. Will the subproject have an impact on archaeological or
historical sites, including historic urban areas?
29. Will the subproject have an impact on religious
monuments. structures and/or cemeteries?
30. Have Chance Finds procedures been prepared for use in
the su~roject?
H. Expropriation and Social Disturbance
31. Will the subproject involve land expropriation or
demolition of existing structures?
-
32. Will the subproject lead to induced settlements by workers
and others causin social and economic disntption?
33. l Will the subproject lead to environmental and social
I disturbance by construction camps?
II. Site Related Issues
S.No ISSUES YES NO DO
NOT
KNOW
I. 2. 3. 4. I Is the subproject located in an area with desi~ated natural reserves?
Is the subproject located in an area with unique natural features?
ls the subproject located in an area with endangered or conservation~
worthy ecosystems, fauna or flora?
Is the subproject located in an area faHing within 500 meters of
national forests, protected areas, wilderness areas, wetlands,
/

- ll-
s. 6. 7. 8. 9. IO. ll. J 2. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. biodiversity, critical habitats, or sites of historical or cultural
importance?
Is the subproject Jocated in an area whkh would create a barrier for
the movement of conservation-worthy wildlife or livestock?
Js the subproject located close to groundwater sources, surface water
bodies, water courses or wetlands?
Is the subproject located in an area with designated culturaJ
properties such as archaeological, historical and/or religious sites?
Is the subproject in an area with religious monuments, structures
and/or cemeteries?
Is the subproject in a polluted or contaminated area?
ls the subproject located in an area of high visual and landscape
quality?
Is the subproject located in au area susceptible to laodsJides or
erosion? 1
I
.. -....----
- - - .. _-- - - - -
Is the subproject located in an area of seismic faults?
Is the subproject located in a densely populated area?
Is the subproject located on(lrime a~riculturalland?
I
Is the subproject located in an area of tourist importance? I
Is the subproject located near a waste dump?
Does the subproject have access to potable water?
Is the subproject located far (I ~2 kms ) from accessible roads?
Is the subproject located in an area with a wastewater network?
Is the sub~roject located in the urban plan of the city?
Is the subproject located outside the land ~Be plan?
Signed by Environment Specialist: Nrune: ________________________ ___
Title:
Date:
Signed by Project Manager: Name: ________________________ ___
Title:
Date:

. ..
- 12-
Attachment 3
Guidelines for Land and Asset Acquisition~ Entitlements and Compensation
J. Objeetives
1. Resettlement and land acquisition will be kept to a minimum, and will be carried out in
accordance with these guidelines. Subproject proposals that would require demolishing houses or
acquiring productive land should be carefully reviewed to minimize or avoid their impacts through
alternative alignments. Proposals that require more than minor expansion along rights of way should be
carefully reviewed. No land or asset acquisition may take place outside of these guidelines. A fonnat for
a Land Acquisition Assessment Data Sheet is attached as Attachment 3(i).
2. These guidelines provide principles and instructions to compensate negatively affected persons to
ensure that they will be assisted to improve, or at least to restore, their living standards, income earning or
production capacity to pre-project levels regardless of their land tenure status.
n. CategoriT..ation
3. Based on the number of per·sons that may be affected by the project, Project Affected People
(PAPs) and the magnitude ofimpaclS, projects wiU be categorized as follows:
(a) Projects that will affect more than 200 PAPs due to land acquisition and/or physical
relocation and where a fun Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) must be produced. lf the RAP
cannot be prepared prior to project appraisal, a waiver can be provided by the World Bank
Managing Director (MD) in consultation with the Resettlement Committee. In such cases,
the TT should agree with the Borrower on a timetable for preparation of the RAP.
(b) Projects that will affect less than 200 persons require the following docwnentation: (i) a
land acquisition assessment, (ii) the minutes or record of consultations which assess
th~ compensation claimed and agreement reached, and (iii) a record of the receipt of
the compensation, or voluntary donation, by those affected (see below).
(c) Projects that are not expected to have any land acquisition or any other significant adverse
social impacts; on the contrary. significant positive social impact and improved livelihoods
are expected from such interventions.
Ill. Eligibility
4. PAPs are identified as persons whose livelihood is directly affected by the project due to
acquisition of the land owned or used by them. PAPs deemed eligible tor compensation are:
(a) those who have formal legal rights to land, water resources or structures/buildings, including
recognized customary and traditional rights;
(b) those who do not have such fonnal legal rights but have a claim to usufruct rights rooted in
customary law; and

- 13-
(c) those whose claim to land and water resources or building/structures do not fall within (a) and
(b) above, are eHgible to resettlement assistance to restore their Hvelihood.
IV. 5. Acquisition of Productive Assets and Compensation
PAPs are eligible for replacement costs for lost assets as described below:
(a) Voluntary contributiom. Individuals may elect to voluntarily contribute land or assets
provided the persons making such contributions do so willingly and are informed that they
have the right to refuse such contributions; and
(b) Contribuiions against compensation. A contributor/asset loser considered "affected•• wiJl be
eligible for compensation and other necessary assistance.
6. Voluntary contribution should be clearly documented to confirm the voluntary nature of the
1 transition. The documentation should specify that the land is free of any squatters, encroachers or other
claims. A fonnat is shown in Attachment 3(i), which includes a Schedule for assessing any compensation
claimed and the agreement reached.
V. Compensation Principles
7. The project implementation agencies will ensure timely provision of the following means of
compensation to affected peoples:
(a) Project affected peoples losing access to a portion of their )and or other productive assets with
the remaining assets being economically viable are entitled to compensation at a replacement
cost for that portion of land or assets lost to them. Compensation for the lost assets will be
made according to the following principles:
(i) replacement Jand with at1 equally productive plot, cash or other equivalent productive
assets;
(ii) (iii) (v) materials and assistance to fully replace solid structures that will be demolished;
replacement of damaged or lost crops and trees, at market value;
(iv) other acceptable in-kind compensation;
in case of cash compensation, the delivery of compensation should be made in public,
i.e., at the Community Meeting; and
(vi) in case of physical relocation, provision of civic infrastructure at the resettlement sites.
(b) Project affected peoples losing access to a portion of their land or other economic assets
rendering the remainder economically non-viable will have the options of compensation for
the entire asset by provision of a1temative land, cash or equivalent productive asset,
according to the principles in (a) i-iv above.
VI. Consultation Process
8. Tile implementing agencies will ensure that all occupants of land and owners of assets located in
a proposed subproject area are consulted. Community meetings will be held in each affected district and

- 14-
village to inform the local population of their rights to compensation and options available in accordance
with these Guidelines. The Minutes of the community meetings shall reflect the discussions held,
agreements reached, and include details of the agreement, based on the format provided in Attachment
3(ii).
9. The implementing agency shall provide a copy of the Minutes to affected people and confirm in
discussions with each of them, their requests and preferences for compensation, agreements reached, and
any eventual complaint. Copies will be recorded in the posted project documentation and be availab1e for
inspection during supervision.
Subproje(t Approval
10. agency shall:
In the event that a subproject involves acquisition against compensation, the implementing
(a) not approve the subproject unless satisfactory compensation has been agreed between the
affected person and the local community; and
(b) not allow works to start until the compensation has been delivered in a satisfactory manner to
the affected persons.
Complaints and Grievam:es
1 l. Initially, all complaints should be negotiated to reach an agreement at the local
community/villagefdistrict level. If this fails, complaints and grievances on these GuideJines,
implementation of the agreements recorded in the Community Meeting Minutes or any alleged
in·egularity in carrying out the project can also be addressed by the affected peoples or their representative
at the municipal or district Jevel. If this also fails, the complaint may be submitted to the relevant
implementing agency for consideration.
Verification
12. The Community Meeting Minutes, including agreements of compensation and evidence of
compensation made shall be provided to the Municipality/district, to the supervising engineers, who will
maintain a record hereof, and to auditors and socio-economic monitors when they undertake reviews and
post-project assessment. This process shall be specified in all relevant project documents, including
details ofthe relevant authority for complaints at the municipaVdistrict or implementing agency level.

-
- lS-
Attachment 3(i)
Land A<:quisition Assessment Data Sheet
(To be used to record information on all land to be acquired)
1. Quantities of land/structures/other assets required:
2. Date to be acquired:
3. Locations:
4. Owners:
5. Current uses:
6. Users:
• Number of Customary Claimants:
• Number of Squatters:
• Number of Encroachers:
• Number of Owners:
• Number of Tenants:
• Others (specify): Number:
7. How land/structures/other assets will be acquired (identify one):
• Donation
• Purchase
8. Transfer of Title:
• Ensw-e these lands/structures/other assets are free of claims or encumbrances.
• Written proof must be obtained (notarized or witnessed statements) for the voluntary
donation, or acceptance of the prices paid from those affected, together with proof of title
being vested in the community, or guarantee of public access, by the title-holder.
9. Describe grievance mechanisms available:

._ .. _,_---- -----------
---
..
- {6-
Attachment 3(ii)
Format to Document Contribution of Assets
The following agreerueni has been made on ............................ day of... ................... ..... ..
between ........................... ~ ......................... resident of ............................. , .. ~ .............. (the Owner)
and ............ .......... ................................. (the Recipient).
1. That the Owner holds the transferable right of ................................................... donum of
land/structure/asset ln .. ·~ h • .•••• ~
• .• ~ .................................... ~ ................................ . ... . ...... . ................ .
•
2. to other c1aims.
That the Owner testifies that the land/structure is free of squatters or encroachers and not subject
3. That the Owner hereby grants to the Recipient this asset for the construction and development of
................................ for the benefit of the villagers and the public at large.
(Either, in case of donation:)
4. That the Owner will not claim any compensation against the grant of this asset
(Or, in case of compensation.)
4. That the Owner will receive compensation against the grant of this asset as per the attached
Schedule.
5. That the Recipient agrees to accept this grant of asset for the purposes mentioned.
6. That the Recipient shall construct and develop the ........................ and take aJl possible
precautions to avoid damage to adjacent land/structureiother assets.
7. •
prem1ses.
That both the parties agree that the ........................... so constructed/developed shall be public
8. That the provisions of this agreement will come into force from the date of signing of this deed.
Signature of the Owner Signature of the Recjpient
Witnesses:
I.
2.
(Signature, name and address)
-

----·- - --
---- -·-.
- 17-
Schedule of
Compensation of Asset Requisition
S11mmary of
Affected Unit/Item
a. Urban/agricultural
land (m2):
b. Houses/structures to be
demolished (units/m2) :
c. Type of structure to be
demolished (e.g. mud,
brick, cement block, etc.,)
d. Trees or crops affected:
e. Water sources affected:
Units to be Compensated
•
Agreed Compensation
Not Applicable.
Signatures of local community representatives, She1kh/Head of Tribe:
Include record of any complaints raised by affected persons:
Map attached (showing a ffected areas and replacement areas):

Attachment 4
Protection of Cultural Property
I. Cultural property include monuments, structures, works of art, or sites of significance points of
view, and are defined as sites and stntctures having archaeological, historical, architectural, or religious
significance, and natural sites with cultural values. This includes cemeteries, graveyards and graves.
2. The initial phase of the proposed emergency reconstruction operations pose limited risks of
damaging cultural property since subprojects will largely consist of small investments in community
infrastructure and income generating activities, reconstruction of existing structures, and minor public
works. Further, the list of negative subproject attributes, which would make a subpr~ject ineligible for
support (Attachment l), includes any activity that would adversely impact cultllral property.
Nevertheless, the following procedures for identification, protection from theft, and treatment of
discovered artifacts should be followed and included in standard bidding documents as provided in
Attachment 6.
Chance .lo'ind Procedurts
3. Chance fmd procedures wi11 be used as follows:
(a) Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find;
(b) Delineate the discovered site or area;
(c) Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable
antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be present until the responsible local
authorities and the Ministry of Culture take over;
(d) Notify the supervisory Engineer who in turn will notify the responsible local authorities and
the Ministry of Culture immediately (within 24 hours or less);
(e) Responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture would be in charge of protecting
and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would
require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be pertormed by the archeologists of the
Ministry of Culture (within 72 hours). The significance and importance of the Hndings should
be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the
aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values;
(f) Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities and the
Ministry of Culture. This could include changes in tlte layout (such as when finding an
irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation,
restoration and salvage;
(g) Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be
communicated in writing by the Ministry of Culture; and
(h) Construction work could resume only after permission is given from the responsible local
authorities and the Ministry of Culture concerning safeguard of the heritage.
4. These procedures must be referred to as standard provisions in construction contracts, when
applicable, and as proposed in section 1.5 of Attachment 6. During project supervision, the Site Engineer
shall monitor the above regulations relating 1o the treatment of any chance find encountered are observed.
5. Relevant findings will be recorded in World Bank Project Supervision Reports (PSRs), and
Implementation Completion Reports (ICRs) will assess the overall effectiveness of the project's cultural
property mitigation, management, and activities, as appropriate.

- 19-
Attachment 5
Codes of Practice for Prevention and Mitigation of Environmental Impacts
Disease caused by poor water
quality:
• contamination by seepage from
latrines, municipal waste or
agricultural areas.
• high mineral concentrations.
• creation of stagnant pools of
water.
• Prioritize leak detection and repair of pipe networks.
• Chemical and bacteriological testing of water quality from
adjacent comparable sources prior to installation of new
sources.
• Redesign to prevent contamination if adjacent comparable
sources are found to be contaminated.
• Subsequent monitoring of installed or rehabilitated sources.
• Appropriate location, apron and dminage around tubewells and
dug wells to prevent formation of stagnant pools.
• Provision of cover and hand-pump to prevent contamination of
dug wells.
• Where pit latrines are used they should be located more than
1Om from any water source. The base should be scaled and
separated by at least 2m of sand or loamy soil fi·om the
groundwater table.
• Where nightsoil latrines or septic tanks are built they should be
sealed. Outflows should drain either to a soak away located at
least l Om from any water source or be connected to a working
drain.
Depletion of water source:
l • over-exploitation of aquifers.
\ • hazard of land subsidence.
\
• Urban interventions and abstraction limits to be planned in the
context of groundwater investigations.
• Local water use planning (community and technical
consultation

Social Risks:
• Lack of clear division ofrights/
responsibilities may result in
maintenance problems of
wells/pumps.
• Lack of clear definition of user
rights for wells and pumps may
create exclusion of vulnerable
groups.
• Access to water may be captured
by interest groups.
• Use of foreign equipment/
materials may hinder
maintenance of pumps/we Us.
• Potential impacts to cultural
property.
Contamination of water supplies:
• contamination of groundwater
because of seepage.
• contamination of surface waters
due to flooding or O\ler-tlowing.
Disease caused by poor handling
practices of nightsoil.
-20-
• Ensure sufficient community participation and organization for
effective planning and management of infrastructure.
• Include downstream water users (e.g. water supply, irrigation,
livestock watering) in planning of water storage reservoirs.
• Identify proper mechanism of rights and responsibilities over
well/pump/reservoir usage through participatory village focus
groups.
• Ensure that local accessible materials are used when
developing/rehabilitating wells in order to provide
maintenance.
• For each pump/well/reservoir/ borehole establish clear
guidelines of user rights through participatory focus groups;
Ensure that access to water pumps/reservoirs is equitable to
prevent capture hy interest groups.
• Usc archaeological chance find procedures and coordinate with
• Where pit latrines arc used they should be located more than
1Om from any water source. The base should be sea}ed and
separated vertically by not less than 2m of sand or 1oamy soil
from the groundwater table.
• Where nightsoillatrines or septic tanks are built they should be
sealed. Outflows should drain either to a soak away located at
least l Om from any water source or be connected to a working
drain.
• Maintenance to be delivered with new latrines.
• Training and health education to be provided to nightsoil
handlers where affected by interventions.
• Protective clothing and appropriate containers for nightsoil
to be

-- ------
-- - ----
--
- ·-·-
..... ... ..
....
Disease caused by inadequate
excreta disposal or inappropriate
usc of latrines.
Potential health and environmental
risks associated with use of treated
wastewater effluent for irrigation:
• Socio-Economic Risk
• Permanent loss of productive
land
• Reduction in local property
values
• Ability to pay of poorer
se~~m~~nts of lation.
Disease caused by inadequate
collection and disposal, including
health risks from:
• insects, rats.
• burning of waste.
• industriaVmedical waste.
• Odors during opemtion.
- 2J -
• Nightsoil should be handled using protective clothing to
prevent any contamination of workers skin or clothes.
• Where nightsoil is collected for agricultural use it should be
stored for a sufficient period to destroy pathogens through
composting. At th~ minimum it should be stored in direct
sunlight and turned regularly for a period of at least 6 weeks.
• Septic tanks should not be constructed nor septic waste
coJiected unless primary and secondary treatment and safe
disposal is available.
• Health and hygiene education to be provided for all users of
latrines.
• Awareness to maintain conditions.
• Secondary treatment of wastewater and chlorination of final
effluent followed by aeration prior to restricted wastewater
reuse; initial monitoring of irrigation water quality in irrigation
channels in addition lo effluent monitoring at treatment plant
outfall.
• Purchase of replacement land.
• Monetary compensation.
• Reconsideration of rate structures.
• Suff1cient frequency of collection from transfer stations.
• Containment of waste during collection and transfer.
.
• Promote separation at source to reduce spreading by rag-pickers
during recycling.
• Minimize buming.
• Separate collection and disposal system for medical or
harardous wastes.
• Assess requirement for additional investment in final disposal
site.
• Provide soil

Contamination of water supplies:
• lateral seepage into surface
waters.
• seepage of contam inants into
aquifers.
• contamination from clandestine
• Loss of livelihood for rag-
Disruption of drainage:
• Hampers free drainage, causes
stagnant pools of water.
• Increased sediments into ponds,
streams and rivers due to erosion
from road tops and sides.
• Increased run-off and fl ooding.
Erosion:
• Erosion of land downhill from the road bed, or in borrow areas. • Landslides, slips or slumps. • Bank failure of the borrow pit. /
-22-
• Site transfer stations should have sealed base and be located at
least 15m away from water sour~s with the base separated
vertically by not less than 2m of sand or loamy soil from the
groundwater table.
• Assess requirement for additional investment in final disposal
site to protect water sow·ces.
• Monitoring of site to prevent illegal dumping.
• Incorporate series of dumping bays in design where rag-pickers
:>aJI;iJJ access waste to dtspo:~al.
• Design to provide adequate drainage and to minimize changes
in flows, not limited to the road reserve.
• Provision of energy dissipaters, cascades, steps, and check
dams.
• Provision of sufficient number of cross drains.
• Balancing of cut and till.
• Revegetation to protect susceptible soil surfaces.
• Rehabilitation of borrow areas.
• Design to prevent soil erosion and maintain slope stability.
• Construction in the dry season.
• Protection of soil surfaces during construction. ·
• Physical stabilization of erodible surfaces through turfing,
planting a wide range of vegetation, and creating slope breaks.
• Rehabilitation and re-grading of borrow pits and material
collection sites.

-23-
Loss of vegetation.
Loss of access.
• Balancing of cut and fill.
• Revegetation to protect susceptible soil surfaces.
• Minimize loss of natural veg~ation during construction.
• Revegetation and replanting to compensate any loss of plant
cover or tree
• Design to include accessibility to road sides in case roadbed is
raised.
• Alternative aligrunents to avoid bisecting villages by road
Impacts during construction:
• Fuelwood collection. • Provision of fuel at work camps to prevent cutting of fuewood.
• Disease due to lack of sanitation. • Provision of sanitation at work camps.
• Introduction of hazardous • Removal of work camp waste, proper disposal of oil, bitumen
wastes. and other hazardous wastes.
• Groundwater contamination (oil,
grease).
• Accidents during construction.
• Potential impacts to cultural
property.
• Management of construction period worker health and safety:
• Use archaeological chance tind procedures and coordinate with
•
• Increased migration from nearby
cities.
• Provide comprehensive community participation in planning,
and Migrntion issue to be resolved through local conflict
resolution
Deforestation caused by:
lw of bricks.
Disease caused by inadequate
of water and sanitation.
Damage to historical buildings.
• Ensure fired bricks are not wood-fired.
• low-cost seismic structural
• Ensure designs include adequate sanitary latrines and access to
safe water.
• Ensure actions involving historical buildings are
/

Injury, death or loss of productive
resources caused by dam failure.
Emissions to air.
Fuel and lubricant spills.
Noise.
PCB disposal.
Erosion and deforestation caused
by:
• access roads.
-24-
• Application of generic dam safety measures and rapid
hydrological assessment by qualified engineers.
• For earthen dams. crushing of earth lumps, watering to near
optimal moisture content, and compacting during construction.
• Design of earthen dams to prevent excessive seepage through
the dam·body and piping at or ncar 1he toe or abutment ofthe
dam.
• Design to incorporate spillway to .prevent ovcr·topping.
• Local awareness~raising for breach situations.
• Archaeological and historic sites survey to be conducted for any
new dam the of chance lln<t pro1cedlur(;~S.
• Use of the cleanest fuel economically available (natural gas is
preferable to oi 1).
• Emissions control to achieve a maximum level for Particulate
Matter of 100 milligrams per cubic meter in urban areas, and
150 cubic meter in rural areas.
• Improvements in maintenance and housekeeping, and spill·
containment strucn1res.
• Location or sound·proofing to achieve a maxjmum increase in
backgrowtd levels of 3 decibels, or a maximum of 55 decibels
in residential whichever is ·
• Waste transformer coolant oil should be stored in sealed
safe
• Selection of access road alignments to minimize cut and fill,
and tree felling.
• See section on roads •

Injury or death caused by:
• risk of accidents.
• Collapse of power lines.
• Potential impacts to cultural
property.
Siltation and erosion.
Watt!r-logging and salinization.
Over-exploitation of aquifers.
Injury, death or loss of productive
resources caused dam failure:
Areas of non-contiguous ·
waterlogged lands utilized by
nomadic herders will be converted
to cropland.
Unsustainable grazing.
-25-
• Awareness campaign (regarding electrocution dangers) before
construction starts.
• Application of generic safety standards.
• Archaeological and historic site survey to be conducted for any
new power plants accompanied by use of chance find
• Plan disposal of spoil material from cleaned canals to ensure it
will not wash back into the system. and is not deposited on
fields without the owners' pennission. ·
• and rehabilitation of borrow areas or
• Incorporation of adequate drainage to prevent water-logging
and salinization.
• Analysis of the sustainability of groundwater yield, if increased
abstraction is
• See section on dams, below.
• Herders will be allowed access to bunds and intervening non-
cropped areas for grazing; these areas will be allowed to grow
up in suitable forage crops.
• Before livestock are purchased, grazing requirements for the
new and projected herd should be estimated, and legal access to
sufficient sustainable ensured.

-26-
Environment Impacts:
• Loss of vegetative cover,
decrease in soil fertility.
• Possible pesticide, herbicide and
fertilizer use leading to soil and
water pollution.
• Irrigation system may break
down and not be repairable.
• Potential diversion of water
resources from its natural
course/location.
Social Impacts:
• Conflict over user rights of
irrigation systems.
• Vulnerable groups may loose
access to water resources or land.
• Avoid infringing on protected areas, critical habitats or areas
with significant biodiversity (e.g., wetlands).
• Apply pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers at recommended
times and doses.
• Educate population in the proper use, storage and disposal of
pesticides, herbicides and tertilizers.
• Ensure that construction and rehabilitation of irrigation systems
arc carried out by using materials easily accessible through
local market.
" Ensure that inhabitants around water reserves arc not deprived
of access to water due to irrigation and other activities.
• Ensure that the interests/rights of the vuJnerable groups are
integrated into the activities.

-27-
Environmental and Social Impacts:
• Risk of concentrating livestock
numbers.
• Over grazing and loss of
• vegctattve cover.
• Limit animal numbers or control access to grazing lands;
• Control length of grazing time through introduction of
rotational grazing, development of dry-season grazing areas
and reserves;
• Strategic development and placement of water points;
• Maintain regular animal health monitoring and vaccination
programs;
• Risk of land degradation
• Pressure on water points and
resulting risk of pollution.
• lncreased conflict between
livestock herders and
farmers/local population.
• Vulnerable groups' livelihoods
made more insecure.
• Establish conflict resolution mechanism for each project village
tmder the land tenure pilot project;
• Integrate the vulnerable groups into each pasture
management/land tenure project by making it a requirement to
integrate the .interests ofthe poor and vulnerable into the
f>tnt•nt/fand tenure prqJ·c :cts.
Environmental Impacts:
• Plantation made up of mono
I species more vulnerable to
I
\•
l
Use of certain tree species can
lead to decrease in soil fertility,
nutrients, water, etc.
Land degradation due to
improper management of natural
resources.
• Consider use of a variety of multipltrpose and fast·growing
indigenous tree species and management practices to enhance
disease, insect, and fire resistance.
• Select tree species and management practices that promote
·sustainable soil and water conservation.
• Educate local population on proper harvesting techniques and
• pract1ces.
• Community-based management of natural resources.

Socia! Impacts:
• Households may lack fuel if
alternative measures are not
taken into an account.
• People's livelihoods that are
dependent on forestry/forest
resources may worsen (e.g.
hunters).
• Communities may not have right
to manage their own natural
resources.
Injury from machinery:
Environmental Impacts:
• Improper disposal of wastes.
• Jmpropcr disposal of medical
wastes.
• Sanitation problems.
• Some construction related
problems but usually minor in
nature.
• Medical waste disposaL
• Storage of hazardous materials.
• Spread of disease ftom incoming
laborers.
-28-
• Access and user rights to land clearly defined and weU
managed by community, local government or central planning.
• Include local popu)ation in the design, site selection,
development and management of forested areas.
• Take special care of not introducing foreign plant species that
may cause disruption in eco-balance.
• Introduce sustainable practices of fuel wood gathering (rather
than just restrictive measures).
• Ensure that safe practices for the use of new machinery are
understood and adt[)pted.
• Ensure inclusion of adequate sanitation facilities and
• mamtenance.
• Ensure planning, design and maintenance of infrastructure is
appropriate to local needs, traditions, culture and desires.
• Proper disposal of all solid wastes, containers, infectious
wastes.
• Public health awareness.
. • Priority given to rehabilitation oftoilets in rehabilitation of
schools/clinics.

.
--- - -- ·-- ·-
·-- -
,, ___
I Social Impacts:
• The vulnerable groups (women,
poor children, migrants,
pastoralists and the poor) may
not benefit from infrastructure
construction and rehabilitation.
Schools/health posts may
become abandoned due to the
lack of commitment.
• Building infrastructure system
alone without needs assessment
may not benefit the community.
I •
l Infrastructure investments may
be misappropriated by
l
governments.
-29 -
• Health checks (especially in regards to HlV/AlDS) for
incoming laborers.
• Before the start of each infrastructure project, develop
comprehensive organizational and maintenance plan,
commitment from local government and public to maintain
school supplies, medical supplies, etc.

-30-
Attachment 6
Safeguards Procedures for Inclusion in the Technical Speeitications of Contracts
I. General
1. The Contractor and his employees shall adhere to the mitigation measures set down and take all
other measures required by the Engineer to prevent harm, and to minimize the impact of his operations
on the environment.
2. The Contractor shall not be permitted to unnecessarily strip clear the right of way. The Contractor
shall only clear the minimum width for construction and diversion roads should not be constructed
alongside the existing road.
3. Remedial actions which cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be canied
out on completion of each Section of the road (earthworks, pavement and drainage) and before issuance
of the Taking Over Certificate:
(a) tbese sections should be landscaped and any necessary remedial works should be undertaken
without delay, including grassing and reforestation;
(b) water courses should be cleared of debris and drains and culverts checked for clear flow
paths; and
(c) borrow pits should be dressed as t\sh ponds, or drained and made safe, as agreed with the
Land owner.
4. The Contractor shall limit construction works to be1ween 6 am and 7 pm if it is to be canied out
in or near residential areas.
5. The Contractor shall avoid the use ofheavy or noisy equipment in specified areas at night, or in
sensitive areas such as near a hospital.
6. To prevent dust pollution during dry periods, the Contractor shall cany out regular watering of
earth and gravel haul roads and shall cover material haulage trucks with tarpaulins to prevent spillage.
II. Transport
7. The Contractor shall use selected routes to the project site, as agreed with the Engineer, and
appropriately sized vehicles suitable to the class of road, and shall restrict loads to prevent damage to
roads and bridges used for transportation purposes. The Contractor shall be held responsible for any
damage caused to the roads and bridges due to the transportation of excessive loads, and shall be required
to repair such damage to the approval of the Engineer.
8. The Contractor shall not use any vehicles, either on or off road with grossly excessive, exhaust or
noise emissions. 1n any built up areas, noise mufflers .shaH be instaJled and maintained in good condition
on all motorized equipment under the control of the Contractor.

• 31 -
9. Adequate traffic control measures shall be maintained by the Contractor throughout the duration
of the Contract and such measures shall be subject to prior approval of the Engineer.
III. Workforce
10. The Contractor should whenever possible locally recruit the majority of the workforce and shall
provide appropriate training as necessary.
11. The Contractor shall install and maintain a temporary septic tank system for any residential labor
camp and without causing poiJution of nearby watercourses.
12. The Contractor shall establish a method and system for storing and disposing of all solid wastes
generated by the labor camp and/or base camp.
13. The Contractor shaH not allow the use of fuelwood for cooking or heating in any labor camp or
base camp and provide alternate fucilities using other fue]s.
14. The Contractor shall ensure that site offices, depots, asphalt plants and workshops are located in
appropriate areas as approved by the Engineer and not within 500 meters of existing residential
settlements and not within 1,000 meters for asphalt p1ants.
15. The Contractor shall ensure that site offices, depots and particularly storage areas for diesel fuel
and bitumen and asphalt plant<> are not located within 500 meters of watercourses. and ru·e operated so that
no pollutants enter watercourses, either overland or through groundwater seepage, especially during
periods of rain. This will require lubricants to be recyc1ed and a ditch to be constructed around the area
with an approved settling pond/oil trap at the outlet.
16. The contractor shall not use fuel wood as a means of heating during the processing or preparation
of any materials forming part of the Works.
IV. Quarries and Borrow Pits
1 7. Operation of a new borrow area, on land, in a river, or in an existing area, shall be subject to prior
approval of the Engineer, and the operation shall cease if so instructed by the Engineer. Borrow pits shalJ
be prohibited where they might interfere with the natural or designed drainage patterns. River locations
shall be prohibited if they might undermine or damage the river banks, or carry too much fine material
downstream.
18. The Contractor shall ensure that all borrow pits used are left in a trim and tidy condition with
stable side slopes, and are drained ensuring that no stagnant water bodies are created which could breed
mosquitoes.
19. Rock or gravel taken from a river shall be far enough removed to limit the depth of material
removed to one-tenth of the width of the river at any one location, and not to disrupt the river flow, or
damage or undermine the river banks.
20. The location of crushing plants shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer, and not be close
to environmentally sensitive areas or to existing residential settlements, and shall be operated with
approved fitted dust control devices.

-32-
V. Earthworks
21. Earthworks shall be properly controlled, especially during the rainy season.
22. The Contractor shall maintain stable cut ar1d fill slopes at all times and cause the least possible
disturbance to areas outside the prescribed limits ofthe work.
23. The Contractor shall complete cut and fill operations to final cros.<;-sections at any one location as
soon as possible and preferably in one continuous operation to avoid partially completed earthworks,
especiaHy during the rainy season.
24. In order to protect any cut or fill slopes from erosion, in accordance with the drawings, cut off
drains and toe-drains shall be provided at the top and bottom of slopes and be planted with grass or other
plant cover. Cut off drains should be provided above high cuts to minimize water runoff and slope
. erOSIOn.
25. Any excavated cut or unsuitable material shall be disposed of in designated tipping areas as
agreed to by the Engineer.
26. Tips should not be located where they can cause future slides, interfere with agricultural land or
any other properties, or cause soil from the dump to be washed into any watercourse. Drains may need to
be dug within and around the tips, ac; directed by the Engineer.
VI. Historical and Archeological Sites
27. If the Contractor discovers archeologkal sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including
graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contrac~or shall:
(a) Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find.
(b) Delineate the discovered site or area.
(c) Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable
antiquities or sensitive remains, a nignt guard shaH be present until tile responsible local
authorities and the Ministry of Culture take over.
(d) Notify the supervisory Engineer who in tum will notify the responsible local authorities and
the Ministry of Culture immediately (less than 24 hours).
(e) Contact the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture who would be in charge
of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on the proper procedures to be carried
out. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be perfonned by the
archeologists of the Ministry of Culture (within 72 hours). The significance and importance
of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural
heritage, including the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values.
(t) Ensure that decisions on how to handle the finding be taken by the responsible authorities and
the Ministry of Culture. This could include changes in the layout (such as when the finding is
an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation,
restoration and salvage.
(g) Implementation for the authority decision concerning the management of the finding shall be
communicated in writing by the Ministry of Culture; and

-33-
(h) Construction work will resume only after authorization is given by the responsible
local authorities and the Ministry ofCulture concerning the safeguard of the heritage.
VII. Disposal of Construction and Vehicle Waste
28. Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing stmctures shall be sujtably reused, to the
extent feasible, in the proposed constructjon (e.g. as filJ materials for embankments). The disposal of
remaining debris shall be carried out only at sites identified and approved by the project engineer. The
contractor should ensure that these sites (a) are not located within designated forest areas; (b) do not
impact natural drainage courses; and (c) do not impact endangered/rare flora. Under no circumstances
shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas. . . ..· ...
. . .,.
. : ......
29. In the event any debris or sHt from the sites is deposited on adjacent land, the Contractor shall
immediatdy remove such, debris or silt and restore the affected area to its original state to the satisfaction
ofthe SupervisorfEngineer.
30. Bentonite sluny or similar debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall
be disposed ofto avoid overflow into the surface water bodies or fonn mud puddles in the area.
31. All arrangement-; for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance,
dismantling and clearing debris, where necessary, wi11 be considered incidentallo the work and should be
planned and implemented by the contractor as approved and directed by the Engineer.
32. Vehicle/machinery and equipment operations, maintenance and refueling shaH be carried out to
avoid spillage of fuels and lubricants and ground contamination. An 'oil interceptor" will be provided for
wash down and refueling areas. Fuel storage shall be located in proper bunded areas. ·
33. All spiJls and collected petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with standard
environmental procedures/guidelines. Fuel storage and refilling areas shall be located at least 300m from
aJI cross drainage structures and important water bodies or as directed by the Engineer.
VIII. HIV/AIDS Education
34. The Contractor shall ~nsure that detection screening of sexually transmitted diseases, especially
with regard to IllY/AIDS, amongst laborers is actually carried out and will submit a certificate of
compliance to the Head Construction Engineer.
•

-·· --
jDoc. 24
• •
Report to Ambassador
Mario Bondioli Osio
~ 1 (6~){"::"3)-=-: 1 o_u_s _ c....:.§_ 1 3_ 0b _~_= -----=-'~ Nesiriya Missions, 9-13120-2 7 September
2003.
In the district of Dhi Oar (Nasiriya) the Brigata Garibaldi, currently being replaced
by the Brigafa Sassari, and the Carabinieri of the Nucleo Tutela Patrimonio
Culturale (TPC), coordinated by c Commander of the
Brigade,. (b)(3):1o 130b Deputy Commander of the· Brigade and
Responsible for Military and Civil Cooperation, have programmed and in part
already put into effect several actions to protect the archaeological sites of the
zone and, in particular, to contrast and eventually eliminate the destructive
phenomenon of clandestine diggings.
The actions of the Italian military Forces in this field, which started in the month
of July and are still continuing.
In brief, they consist of:
• Patrols to control the area, conducing, in several instances to the
detention of the diggers and the seizure of objects of archaeological
interest (as of 15.09.2003, from reports of the Carabinieri TPC, n. 40
identified persons, n. 7 persons arrested, n. 57 objects seized);
• Patrol§ by the Italian Areqnautica Militare. located near Tali!, finalized also
to the aerial documentation of the sites, of which n. 13 localized on a first
archaeological· updated map of the zone, scale 1:500.000, edited by the
same Italian Military Forces;
• Reorggmization of the g_uard service, of approximately a hundred working
units, employed and paid by the Iraqi Board of Antiquities, providing them
with the necessary equipment and instruments for the resumption of the
service even in emergency condi1ions:
1. aftane. or wood towers, planned in such way that the guard can
carry out its activity of control at a height of approximately 3,5 m.
from the ground, so reducing his vulnerability and guaranteeing the
visibility over the whole archaeological site (All. 1 );

2. mobile radio equipment that pennits the guard, in danger cases, to
alert the military forces and the police;
3. meaJlS of transport for the staff, adequate equipment and weapons.
The Italian military· Forces have taken advantage of the collaboration of J!bJ(6J I
l<bJl~>. I from the Iraqi De:artment of Archaeology for the district of Dhi
Oar, who was helped by l!bl!6> ~ J director of the Museum of Nasiriya,
and by J!bl!6l • ,I of the Ash Shatrah office.
For the continuation and the completion of the actions started in these months,
the Italian military Forces have recently obtained that the CPA of Nasiriya will
award to the local offices of the Iraqi Department of Archaeology, a monthly
budget of$ 25.000 for the months of October-November-December 2003.
The connection between CPA Baghdad and the district of Nasiriya was
Jte111 '\.<:.r, through Ten. Col. l<bJ(3):10 USC§13 I
~.==........_ __ __J(CPA Baghdad) worked together the Italian Military Forces in
their field activities, participating, in particular, in inspections to the archaeological
sites of the district and in the meetings in the CIMIC Center of Nasiriya with the
local Department of Archaeology and collaborating, moreover, to the second map
of the archaeological sites, scale 1:250.000 (All. 2), and the destination of the
budget assigned from the CPA of Nasiriya (All. 3), finalized, in particular. to the
realization of following objectives:
• continuation and increase of the grotection of_ the archaeological sites,
0
through an articulated system of surveillance, organized on five main fixed
emplacements and on patrols controlling the minors sites, to cover the whole
territory of the district;
• reopening of the local De~artment of Archaeol9gy, providing office
equipment, and looking for an office near the Custom Police Station, or
having at least three rooms, of which one for local Department of
Archaeology, one for the director of the Museum of Nasiriya and one for the
staff of the Department;
• implementation of activities on sites damaged by the pillage of the clandestine
excavators, which:
1. systematic coUections of surface finds abandoned in the
excavated dirt;
2. covering the clandestine diggings;
3. temporary protection of the archaeological structures in
precarious conservation conditions;
4. installation of fences.

•
·-- ----
Needed future actions:
• Preparation of a warehouse for tbe conservation on place of finds of
arqhaeological interest seized in the course of the operations of control of
sites or recovered at the surface or delivered that. being the Museum
closed, are currently transferred from Nasiriya to Baghdad Iraq Museum;
• Researching archaeological sites documentation (bibliography, air
photographs, drawings, etc.) and continuation of verification activities on
the conservation status of the sites, updating and to completing the
archaeological map of the zone and to proceed to the systematic
collection of the data and the relative documentation to every site;
• Regulation of admission to the archaeological areas that, as in the directly
observed case of Ur, already were predisposed for the public and that also
currently are subject to the visit of groups (at least guard' presence during
the visit, restore of course of visit, restore of panels for the monumental
complexes);
• Census and review of the archaeological finds already in the local
Museum, for eventual new arrangement.
Baghdad 02.10.2003
l(b)(3):10 usc §130b

•
..
. ,
•• \o. •
.IDoc. 26
Baghdad,Februaryl9,2004
THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE PROTECTION PROJECT
Progress and Problems
Amb. Bremer approved the Archeological Site Protection (ASP) Project on October 19,
2003. The Project intends to stop the looting of the over 7,000 recognized archeological
sites in Iraq. Looting, which was only a minor problem in Iraq prior to the 1991 Gulf
War, increased dramatically in the second half of the 1990's and has become rampant
since Apri12003.
The State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH) has the responsibility of
safeguarding the sites and to this end deploys an extended network of Inspectors and site
guards in every province. The system has collapsed in the face of organized bands of
looters up to fifty or more men strong, and the impossjbility for the guards to carry their
own private weapons under the new C.oalition rules.
The ASP Project has two main features: (1) transform the SBAH site guards into FPS
guards, with uniforms, weapons and the right to detain looters for 12 hours, and (2)
involve the local security forces, mainly the Iraqi Police, in the protection of the sites. To
this end the local Iraqi Police stations close to the sites will be equipped with a base radio
station, connected with mobile radios on vehicles and hand-held radios provided to the
guards. The guards will be able to alert the Police when they detect looting and ask for
their intervention against the looters.
The implementation of the Project is proceeding accordinfo plan. In October 2003, the
Minister of Culture selected the leader of the ASP CO.IlJS, b)(6l = I who attended the
Baghdad Police Academy in November, graduating with the rank ofFPS Colonel. Then
(b)(6) oversaw the FPS Train the Trainers course, from which, on January 7, 2004,
gra uate 11 Trainers authorized to confer FPS status to the SBAH guards. In January,
I<§!~ land the Trainers went to Dhi Qar and in two weeks graduated 148 SEAR
guards into FPS- ASP guards, who from now on will receive their new, higher FPS
salary. In February, the Colonel and the Trainers moved to Diwaniyah and started
training the guards in the six South-Central Pwvinces, in agreement with the local CPA.

-----·-
'
On February 10, 2004, fourteen SBAH Inspectors attended a meeting at the SBAH
headquarters in Baghdad, at the end of which they proposed sixty-seven police stations in
14 provinces to be equipped with radio communication equipment (see attached list).
In the mean time, the U.S. State Department completed the bidding procedure for the first
installment of radio communication packages. 15 base radio stations with antennas, 20
moblle radios, 20 mobile repeaters and 90 hand held radios, together with 20 vehicles (4,
door 4WD pickup trucks), are on their way for the implementation ofthe ASP Project in
Dhi Qar and Diwaniyah.
The major problems still facing the ASP Project are the following:
• The Iraqi Police must receive new clear instructions to intervene when summoned
by the FPS -ASP guards.
• The acceptance of the radio base station must commit the local Iraqi Police
Commander to full cooperation.
• Weapons and uniforms must be distributed to the ASP guards as soon as possible.
• The weapon permit must allow the ASP guards to catTy their weapons in their
official patrol vehicles; ASP guards living in the vicinity of their sites must be
al1owed to take their weapons home.
• Sufficient funds for paying the new salaries must be allocated to pay the same
salary to all the 1850 ASP guards (including the 558 FPS guards transferred by
CJTF-7 and CPA to the Ministry of Culture-SHAH).
• Funds must be available for the 52 Radio Communications Packages still to be
ordered and for the approximately LOO vehicles needed to complete the ASP
Project.
In order to facilitate the cooperation of the Iraq1 Police, lP.ffiSCO is planning special
training courses in Jordan, with Italian funding and the cooperation of the Italian
Carabinieri, whose project to protect the archeological sites in Dhi Qar Province is the
model for the ASP Project. The ideal candidates for these two week UNESCO courses
are the 11 FPS Trainers and the local Iraqi Police commanders whose police stations shall
receive the base radio stations. In gaining their commitment to the ASP Project, this
concrete possibility of going to Amman for two weeks of training must be offered to
them.
l