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Bremer, Paul
From: l(b)(6) Fol
Sent: Thursday, November 13, 2003 2:56PM
T o: Bremer, Paul
Cc:
Subject: FW: AI Ja.zeera in Hillah
Sirs - FYI below
Vr jsn
Gentlemen,
Several criss-crossing email trails have zinged across my screen \his moming, focused on the AI Jazeera reporter
in Hilfah.
First. our PMO shop confirmed that we do not have the man In custody.
~C.) TheJ(b){6)lsent up this detailed account of the detainee, complete with whet appears to be a confession.
MAJ({ii}:}ounds like the right, authoritative POC... .
vr.l(b)(6)
r -
-- -original M~e-
---
From : l £hl£~ I -
5e o+• rh .. rc~~~ ·1"2 '1N'I'll11·tt ...
T o l(b )(6) I
•r
•lh ""' 1)16) t
UbJect: AJ Jazlrah seriOUs situatiOn"
-
Gentlemen,
Please find attached proofthad{b)(6) lthe man arrested for participation in terrorist
operations against the coalition and Iraqi officials IS/IS anAL JAZEERA employee. I have attached the
original Arabic document and a translation which indisputably documents this fact. l have also attached
a translation oft he case BABEL authorities are documenting [excuse the choppy translation.[fu)]is
doing her best]. l also have the written statements from Sattar acknowledging his connection with AI
Jazirah [scanned docs, too large to send but working to make them smaller but readable).
Also attached is the FBIS article stating the denial of the AI Jazirah Baghdad Bureau Chief, for
reference. herP is :m exeemt:

·. Page 2 of2
AI-Jazirah Baghdad Bureau chief has denied any links with a correspondent who was arrested
by the occupation forces in Babel on charges of ~[glnatjng recent ~fb~nd bombing
operations in Baghdad. AI-Jazirah Bureau chief ) lto6 hhat there is
no person by the name d£b)(6) Working for AI-Jazirah and that it has no media
offices in the aforementioned governorate.
~remains in custody of the Babel authorities. AI Jazirah has tried to get him out, I have
instructed the Judge/Police to NOT/NOT release him without consulting with me personally.
Anyway, he is unlikely t~ased at all. What I was worried about was a bribe coming from
al jazzier. The governo~. as usual, pledges full cooperation, and instructed his
administration likewise.
I don't think a charg·e like this needs any further comment.
j(b)(6) I what ~o you need?
~~~-:r·:·AJ. (USNFAO)
Senior Political Advisor to lhe Regional Director
~~j{~j"" Cm••• u;u. ••• ll{~)
11/14/2003

Mr. Prosecutor Deputy
Hilla Court oflnvestigation
Judicial Inspector Department
In the Province
November/ 4/2003
l.Our police group brought the accusedl(b )( 6) I because he is
suspected in participating in act of blasting. His speech is written and he
admitted that be met Syrian Fedayeen (lfhV6\ I and (
l(b)(6) J and they asked him to make his office in AI
Mahmodeya as a headquarter. They asked him to recruit people who do
the blasting. He works for AI Jazeera Channel. He admits also that the
two persons mentioned above had exploded many American tanks, they
have an organization, they are armed and they intend to fight coalition
forces. I order you to take a decision about his punishment, please.
2. A paper belonging to the accused is found. There is a code written in it.
The accused explains the code M 82+ T 24 = 200. It means mortar 82
millimeter+ 24 tuft = The price is twenty thousand Dinar. And so on. We
found also two letters written by his (the accused) hand to AI Jazeera
Channel. They contain information concerning 10 operations against
coalition forces.
I xdr you to jssue r order to arrest & investigatq(b)(6) I&
l<b _ 6 _ _ ccording to item 197 law. Please.
Signed
Judicial Inspector
l<b)(6)
Mr.Judge
1. We demand putting the accused <l(b )(6) ~according to
item 197.
2. We demand issuinf an order to arrest the accused·llbl(6) l<bl(6) _according to item 197 and to investigate the place
of their living to arrest them.
b&
Signed
Prosecutor Deputy
Mr. Prosecutor Deputy
I decided to arrest the accusedl(b )( 6) I tilt ? /November I
~003 and according to item 197 to write his speech judicialllh I decided to
1ssue an order to arrest and investigate the accused people d )(6) I
j(b)( j&j(b)(6) j according to item 197.

. . - - - ·-
---------~
Process Server
Judicial Inspector Department
In the Province
November/ 4/ 2003
Our groups broughtl(b)(6) ~cause he is suspected to
participate in act of blasting, So we start process server.
Signed
Judicial Inspector
l{b)(6)
November 4/2003
Two mont~s ago (b)(6) &l{b)(6) I, the first one is
Syrian. They met me m my o 1ce 10 AI Mahmodeya. The reason behind
their coming was to organize a correspondence then, after I told them that
I work with AI J azeera Channel as a reporter, they asked me to broad cast
their blasting actions, they told me that they have the ability to photo the
operations. They asked me to make my office as a place of their
meetings. In deed, they came many times to my office and they told me
that they are working to kill Americans and to do blasting actions and
they asked me to recruit people to do blasting actions. I did not send them
any person. They told me that they took part in (The Battle of Baghdad
Airport) and they exploded many American tanks in Baghdad, Abu
Ghareeb, they explained also the way of exploding tanks. A person came
to me, he was with them, and gave me the paper that you found with me.
What remains are numbers (82+ T 124(60+ 12) (82+ 9) (60 + 9) these
numbers have codes as the following: M means Mortar 82 means 82
mittimeter, T means tuft, refers to the number of tufts while(=) means the
price is two hundred thousand ID.
The second (60) means mortar 60 millimeters. (12) means the number of
tufts and so on.
Other papers that I kept with me are news reports, I wrote them by my
hand and they were about coalition forces. I intended to deliver them to
AI Jazeera Channel but I could not. I add that the people I met in AI
Mahmodeya are Syrian Fedayeen, they are armed and they want to kill
Americans. I am not charged before.
Signed
The Accused
l<b)(6)

The Accused said that AI Jazeera paid to him $250 for taking pictures of
the operations against Coalition Forces.
Signed
Judicial Inspector
l(b)(6)

~frl/ i-efutAdFI~rauJ--~tU~ /td t,/jrwtwlf'. .
TO: The Secretary of Defence
FROM: Paul Bremer
SUBJECT: Improving Iraqi TV coverage
· · As you know, I share the concerns of
· Washington and London about the quality of our
TV services in Iraq. At my request, our new
Director of Strategic CommunicatlonsJ(b)(6) I
j(b)(6) l has done an urgent review of the
situation. Details attached.
We have a plan quickly to upgrade our
programming by purchasing top quality Arabic
language entertainment programming from .
Dubai. We expect to go live with this by
. Ramadan (end of October).
At the same time, using incoming experts,
we will substantially upgrade our news shows.
This will be part of a larger training program to .
· get our journalists up to snuff. We expect
substantial progress in the next 60 rjays.
Additionally, we will upgrade our TV signal
to counter Iranian interference in southern Iraq
and we will examine the feasibility of using one
of our spare channels to create a C-span like

· Monday, September 08, 2003
SUBJECT: Major near-term initiatives
for Iraqi Media Network TV
Summary: Solutions to most short-term
problems can be solved by year's end with some
$20 million in existing funds, plus modest
additional amounts for training and payment of
back satellite bills. Putting the IMN broadcast
on satellite is essential to success in. Iraq and
would allow IMN broadcasts to be seen
anywhere AI Jazeera and AI Arabiya signals are
seen. State/N EA has been briefed on and agrees
with these points. End Summary.
Strategy
• Bring in Western and Arab TV experts for
both a quick-fix and an assessment of
·longer-term equipment .and training needs.
• Acquire the best of Arabic-language
entertainment programming and deliver it by
satellite to Baghdad for retransmission
within Iraq.
• Steadily improve local programming.

• Use a spare TV channel in Baghdad as a test
bed for new programs.
• Launch improved product before Ramadan
• Re-launch the TV network - perhaps under ~
new name- by 1 January.
• Improve hardware and programming to meet
Iranian broadcasts in the south.
• Put IMN programs on satellite as a. counter
to AI·Jazeera and other Arab satellite
channels.
Specifics
Problem 1: Dull, boring, out-of-date IMN TV
programs.
Solution: We are in negotiations to acquire
the best Arabic-language entertainment
programming available by satellite from
· Dubai Media· City. That will help us
make IMN a "destination channel" for up
to 24 hours a day, and give us
substantially higher lead·in audiences
for our news and public affairs
programming.
Timing: 07 October - programming contract with
Dubai Media City finalized.

15 October- test transmissions Qn spare
channel in Baghdad.
25 October- Nationwide debut (Ramadan
begins 26 October)
Through 31 December- Continuous
improvement
.1 .January- Re-launch TV .with new
· program · schedule, graphics, perhaps
new name (AI·Iraqia?)
Resource Requirements:
. We have budgeted the necessary funds.
Problem 2: Amateurish, poorly produced news
programs.
Solution:
to:
Timing:
We are bringing In Western experts
a) Qul~kly Improve production values
b) Train the Iraqi staff to a higher
standard of journalism.
15 September (o/a)· Former CNN
International executive editor
(Ted Iliff) arrives.
1 October (o/a)· Former ABC-TV networ. k.
e. nglneer ~ (b)(6) I arrives t~ direc~

· broadcasting infrastructure
improvement •
. Date Uncertain-1 0 Downing Street has
been asked to identify and fund a . ·
broadcast executive - possibly a former ·
head of the BBC · World Service
newsroom - to creat~ compelling local ·
news programming •
. Resource Requirements:
l<b)(6) fwm assess possible need for
other experts, including production ·.
specialists. .
· All but ex· ceptlonal eq~ipment n· eeds will
be funded through existing SAIC
contract.
Problem 3: Staff unskilled in Western journalism
techniques.
Solution: Training in Iraq,. Dubai, or the US for
key personnel
Internships in medium and big-city TV
stations in the US

Timing: 17 September - Training needs
assessment team vis.its from Dubai
22 October - First training sessions
begin, continue through mid-December
in 3·4 week training cycles
Resource Requirements:
We have Identified possible USAID
funding for journalism training. Amount
TBD following mid-October needs
assessment.
Problem 4: Iranian broadcasts in southern Iraq
overpower our own transmissions
Solution: Increase our own IMN signal
strength by:
• erecting higher tower near
Basra,
• installing a more powerful
transmitter,
• adding electrical generator
• more attractive ·local
programming
Timing: 1 January- Debut new local
programming.

15 February- stronger signal in place
Resources Required:
Cost of approximately $10 million can be
drawn from existing funds committed to
SAIC contract.
Possible site preparation work from
Corps of Engineers
Problem 5: political process.
Iraqis do not understand the current
Solution: Use a Baghdad TV channel for civic
education and current affairs
programming, including TV coverage of
GC press conferences, meetings and
events.
Model It loosely after C-Span.
Timing: TBD
Resource Requirements:
· High-level support from C-Span
CPA Strategic Communications director
Gary Thatcher will approach cable ·
operators' association for guidance, help

-------
------
---.-----~---
in Implementation, possible equipment
contributions.
High level approach to major cable
operators may be required
Cost TBD, depends on support level from
cable operators.
Finally, we must take on AI Jazeera and AI
Arabiya. In Iraq, they are received only on
satellite. Their signals must be taken down from
the satellite using a dish and a specialized
receiver. As with Dish Network or Direct TV In
the U.S., those with only conventional antennas
or rabbit ears cannot receive their signals.
The satellite TV market Is booming, with
satellite dishes sprouting from rooftops (as you
noted on your recent trip.)
The extent and intensity of discussion of AI
Jazeera and AI Arabiya coverage makes It clear
that Iraqi elites already get most television from
satellite, not from conventional over-the-air
broadcasting. It I& almost certain that this trend
toward satellite will move downstream to less-
and;.less affluent audiences, just as cable and

---------------~----
• r
satellite capture growing numbers of homes in
the U.S.
Satellite offers distinct advantages to IMN.
Iraqis will be able to make side-by-side
comparisons of IMN programming and that of
Jazeera _and Arabia. And once the signal is on
the satellite, anyone in the Arab world with a
receiving dish can pull it down~
IMN currently broadcasts from ground-based
transmitters only. We are building the necessary
satellite earth station to allow us to uplink our
IMN signal to satellite. Iraqi state TV had a spot
for its signals reserved on Arabsat, the most
popular Arab satellite. This Is the obvious spot
·for our programming.
Arabsat is ultimately controlled by the Arab
League, and so far Arabsat has not agreed to
give us permission to take up the Iraqi spot on
the satellite. We need to mount a diplomatic
effort to overcome this resistance.
There may well be unpaid bills due to Arabsat
from the past regime. And our programming
costs will escalate if we place our signals on

' ..
satellite, because programmers will want more
money if we reach a wider audience.
This course Is nevertheless worth pursuing. We
need an alternative to AI Jazeera's coverage of
Iraq - not only here, but in the wider Arab world.

o'g/1/o-lo
November I 0, 2003
TO: ~
FROM: . I 6 Pi-ess office
3o~~TrTRATOR
SUBJECT: : ommumcatmg our message to the Iraqi people
Here are a few talking points for you to use when describing our operation to date, and future plall$.
Current practice
I. CPA uses the full range ofiO tools to communicate with the Iiaqis, in addition to (and coordinated
with) CJTF7 ~fforts: .
• Press releases
o All our press releases go out in English and Arabic, and are given to the Iraqi/ Arab press at
the CPIC (Coalition Press Information Center) ·
o Regional CPA offices both in regions and in some governorates put out their own releases
• Press outreach
o Daily press briefings in Baghdad bring in a dozen major Iraqi newspapers, plus pan-Arab
TV and radio channels
o Weekly round-tables with senior Iraqi newspaper correspondents/editors
o One-on:-ene interviews with Iraqi papers
o CPA regions do their own briefings and interviews, coordinated with Baghdad.
• Leanets/Posten/Haodbllls
o We print these for specific campaigns, eg
• rewards for Saddam Hussein,
• tackling sabotage
• new currency
• recruiting for army and police
• IMN
o Public Service Announcements in all IMN outlets
o lraqiya television and radio, and Sabah newspaper covers all press conferences
o CPA direct participation in Iraqiya TV discussion shows
• Direct Outreach
o We coordinate with CJTF7 on drafting talking points for regional commanders and their
tinits to use directly with the Iraqi people. As more CPA staff deploy to the regions, we
will ensure that they have these also.
Improvements in hand
2. We are currently increasing the number of Arabic-specific press and IO officers, including local Iraqis.
This will help :
• widen and deepen all of the above efforts (especially direct outreach)
• run daily briefings for the Iraqi and Arab press alone, rather than joint with US/international press
• establish more formal mechanisms to:
o Monitor local press
o Gauge public opinion on specific issues
o Analyze impact of IO campaigns and messages

- ---
- - -· -
.
- - · - -
' ,
o5IIJ0-17..-
COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTI-JORlTY
BAGHDAD
INFO MEMO
November 10,2003
FOR: 'THE ADMINISTRATOR
FROM: . ul(b~Xo..;:.6.L.) __ _.L Strategic Communications
SUBJECT:· Media Activities Regarding the Baghdad Central Criminal Court
You asked for an update on our efforts to communicate to the media the activities of the Central
Criminal Court. ·
• We have briefed the court's establishment, case progress and sentencing aggressively in daily
briefings with the Iraqi, US, international and pan-Arab media.
• We have issued press releases about the court's activities and the results of high profile cases in
English and Arabic, particularly the Navstar smuggling case and the conviction of the former
NajafGovernor (Arabic-language ~eleases attached to this memo). . ·
• We arranged press access to the open parts of the trials, and had good attendance by Iraqi
newspapers (see para 15 of attached cable).
• We have featured the convictions in our weekly roundtable sessions with the Arabic (Iraqi and
regional) press.
These activities are being reflected in local coverage, an analysis of which we are pulling together for
your review (initial reports are attached). IMN TV covered both Navstar and the Najaf Governor,
including "perp walk" pictures of at least the former, as instructed.
We have focused our 10 campaign on the court on coverage of the court's proceedings and
convictions, using this also to emphasize both that criminals are being sentenced, and that the new
Iraqi judiciary is genuinely independent. One tool we have not used is direct outreach: ie
disseminating talking points on the court and on capturing offenders to CJTF7 channels. I assume that
you would like us to do this?
Please also see attached cable sent out last week on the Court, paras 12-17 of which relate to Strategic
Communications efforts to raise its profile in the media and among the public.
A TI ACHMENTS: Memo re: Central Criminal Court of Iraq local coverage
Cable re: Central Criminal Court oflraq "'
COORDINATION: NONE
UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED
Coverage of Central Criminal. Court of Iraq (1119/03)
Azzaman Newspaper
9/25/03
British Navy Intercepts Seven Ships Preparing To Smuggle Oil
Summary: Sources In the British Navy have reported that Coalition Naval Forces have
intercepted seven ships prepared to smuggle Iraqi oil. The Forces. that intercepted the
ships were composed of US, UK, and Australian ships. LTC D. Reynolds said that
Coalition Forces prQvented the smuggling of 400 tons of oil, but he did not mention the
destination of the smuggled oil. "In the new system which has been adopted by the
Coalition, the Iraqi judicial system has the right to question anyone trying to smuggle
Iraq\ fortunes and return It to the Iraqi people," added Reynolds.
AI Manar Newspaper
9/24/03
Trials For Stopping Oil Smuggling Operation In Basrah
Summary: A British military leader in Basrah announced that the oil smuggling
operation still continues, He added that this operation is being achieved by the previous
regime and that the British Forces are hard at work at stopping them. He also said, to a
British radio reporter that the British military is making hard arrests on ships which work
in the operation.
IMN Television
9/25/03
Oil Smuggling And Black Market Sales
Summary: British Marine sources said that the Coalition Forces captured six ships that
were smuggling oil from Iraq. In Baghdad, more than 400 tons of oil was sold in the
black market.
. Azzaman Newspaper
9/30/03 .
~ Summary: Charles Heatley, the Coalition's spokesman, said that the Coalition is
distributing its forces everywhere, especially in the sea, to stop the smuggling
operations. The British Navy has recovered many oil shipments and recently arrested
two Ukrainians trying to smuggle oil to Dubai. A Coalition military lawyer said that an
Iraqi board has been formed to defend the two Ukrainians and the trial would be
conducted In Iraqi courts according to Iraqi laws.
IMN Television
10/6/03
Ukralnlao Smugglers Of Iraqi Oil On Trial
Summary: The Iraqi Capital Offense Court continues a judicial hearing for two
Ukrainians accused of smuggling Iraqi oil outside Iraq through the oil tanker Novascar
that belongs to a company that carries the same name. The ship commander and his
helper have smuggled 3,300 tons of oil. They will be judged accordiag to Iraqi capital
offenses. ·
IMN Television
UNCLASSIFIED

---------------------
.
UNCLASSIFIED
10/13/03
Ukrainians Convicted Of Smuggling Iraqi Oil .
Summary: In the Central Criminal Court In the Conference Palace, Judge Norel Deen
Ali sent Nicola Nozlnko and Sohashlnko Ivan to seven years in prison and gave both a
penalty of $2.4 million in addition to confiscating the ship Newstar. The two men used
the ship to smuggle Iraqi oil; they are both of Ukrainian origin. ·
AI-Sabah Newspaper
11/5/03
After being convicted with kidnap, destruction of documents and financial ·
crimes: 14 Years Imprisonment for the former Governor of Najaf
The Central Criminal Court has sentenced Aamer Abd-Aimlneam the former Governor
of Najaf with a sentence of no less than 14 years In Prison for illegitimate apprehension
of citizens, destruction of documentation and the misuse of his Administrative powers.
This sentence was a result of the crimes he has committed and he was sentence to a
term in prison that is no less than 5 years for illegitimate detention of the three children
of one of his rivals. 3 years for destruction of documents belonging to the Ministry of
Finance which had denied his attempt to withdraw funds from the Ministry and 6 years
for keeping money belonging to a man that was released from prison.
The Governor was apprehended and trialed based on the accusations placed against
him and was investigated by the Investigative Judge In the. city of Najaf.
6 witnesses have testified In court and the ex Governor hired two defense attorneys for
his defense. The Governor has the right to appeal to the Iraqi court and it is worth
mentioning that Aamer Abd·Aimineam was hired to administer the city of Najaf after the
ousting of the Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.
..
UNCLASSIFIED

(b)(6)
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·UNCLASSIFIED/I

-·-
----------------~--
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Ill< SOT,OlERS 'l'I!J\1' UK lNVES1'IGATORS 11/\V~~ BEEN WOHKING ON I"OH 1\ NUMBEH
UNCLASSIFIEDII

----------------------------
' OF .11'JN'I'IW 1\tl~l 1111~; NF.:IIH CONJ>I,~:'l'J ON;
II. 1\ MUI\DJ·:II C/\S~~ 1\HISING ~'ROM 1\N 1\MBUSII•()F COI\LI.'I'ION FOHCI•:~;
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II ..
UNCLASSIFIED/I

I .f-' l, I' I .... '~ I .••
COALITION PROVISION/\L /\UTIIOI~ITY
BI\(HIDAD
ACTION MEMO
November lO, 2003
FOR: THE ADMINISTRATOR
FROM: Office of General Counsel
SUBJECT: Rcfcml of Investigation of AI Jazecra Joumalist to Cent.ral Criminal Court of lraq
This memorandum seeks referral of a criminal investigation to the Central Criminal
Court of Iraq (CCCI), llUI'suant to CPA Orde1· No. 13, section 20.
• On 3 November 2003, a joumalist with the AI Jazeera news network was apJnchendcd at
the scene of an attack on the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps in Baqouba, Northeast of
Baghdad, in which two Iraqis died. The journalist was held on suspicion or advanced
notice of the attack.
• The journalist was at the site and filming before any Coalition or Iraqi Police personnel
arrived. The allack occurred at around 0747 and examination of his cell phone indicated
he had dialed a number at about this time. He was !tlso in possession of ant-coalition
propaganda.
• AI Jazeera claim they have witnesses to support the journalist's claim that he was at his
home when ,the attack occurred. The alleged crime was associated with acts intended to
destabilize government institutions inlraq and meets the critcri•• for referral to the CCCI.
• The evidence at this point is inconclusive and the matter therefore requires further
investigation by a CCCllnvestigative Judge.
RECOMMENDATION: That this matter be referred to the CCCI for investigation and trial.
Approve: ~{ 4 0 Disapprove: Approve with modification:
ATTACHMENTS: None
COORDrNA TION: Ministry of Justice, Strategic Communications
UNCLASSIFIED

COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
BAGHDAD
ACTION MEMO .
November 10, 2003
FOR: THE ADMINISTRATOR
FROM: Office of General Counsel
SUBJECT: Referral oflnvestigation of AI Jaieera Journalist to Central Criminal Court of Iraq
This memorandum seeks referral of a criminal investigation to the Central Criminal
Court of Iraq (CCCI), pursuant to CPA Order No. 13, section 20.
• On 3 November 2003, a journalist with the Al Jazeera news network was apprehended at
the scene of an attack on the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps in Baqouba, Northeast of
Baghdad, in which two Iraqis died. The journalist was held on suspicion of advanced
notice of the attack.
• The journalist was at the site and filming before any Coalition or Iraqi Police personnel
arrived. The attack occurred at around 0747 and examination of his cell phone indicated
he had dialed a number at about this time. He was also in possession of ant-coalition
propaganda.
• AI Jazeera claim they have witnesses to support the journalist's claim that he was at his
home when the attack occurred. The alleged crime was associated with acts intended to
destabilize government institutions in Iraq and meets the criteria for referral to the CCCI.
• The evidence at this point is inconclusive and the matter therefore requires further
investigation by a CCCI Investigative Judge.
RECOMMENDATION: That this matter be referred to the CCCI for investigation and trial.
Approve:(!Jh Disapprove: . Approve with modification:
ATTACHMENTS: None
COORDINATION: Ministry of Justice, Strategic Communications
UNCLASSIFIED

COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY
BAGHDAD
ACTION MEMO
November 10, 2003
FOR: THE ADMINISTRATOR
FROM: Office of General Counsel
SUBJECT: Referral of Investigation of AI Jazeera Journalist to Central Criminal Court of Iraq
This memorandum seeks referral of a criminal investigation to the Central Criminal
Court of Iraq (CCCI), pursuant to CPA Order No. 13, section 20.
• On 3 November 2003, a journalist with the AI Jazeera news network was apprehended at
the scene of an attack on the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps in Baqouba, Northeast of
Baghdad, in which two Iraqis died. The journalist was held on suspicion of advanced
notice of the attack.
• The journalist was at the site and filming before any Coalition or Iraqi Police personnel·
arrived. The attack occurred at around 0747 and examination of his cell phone indicated
he had dialed a number. at about this time. He was also in possession of ant-coalition
propaganda.
• AI Jazeera claim they have witnesses to support the journalist's claim that he was at his
home when the attack occurred. The alleged crime was associated with acts intended to
destabilize government institutions in Iraq and meets the criteria for referral to the CCCI.
• The evidence at this point is inconclusive and the matter therefore requires further
investigation by a CCCI Investigative Judge.
RECOMMENDATION: That this matter be referred to the CCCI for investigation and trial.
Approve:(!Jh Disapprove: . . Approve with modification:
ATTACHMENTS: None
COORDINATION: Ministry of Justice, Strategic Communications
UNCLASSIFIED

031/t2-I(R
November ll, 2003
TO: THE ADMINlSTRATOR
FROM: 1 ~6) IPressOffice
THROUGH: )(6) I Director, Strategic Communications
SUBJECT: AI J azeera Television
A: What are our concerns?
l. We have concerns both over AI Jazeera's coverage of Iraq, and over the conduct of its
employees. These are shared both by CJTF7, the GC and Washington. They include:
a) Unbalanced overall coverage (GC's main concern). Overall, the image projected by
Jazeera is ofthe coalition acting imperiously, willfully harming (often killing) Iraqis,
and facing popular resistance from ordinary Iraqi citizens.
b) Broadcasting footage of armed and masked men/mujabldeen threatening jihad
against the coalition, and claiming to represent ordinary Iraqis or their interests.
c) Factually inaccurate and lnciteful reports, eg reporting that Muqtadah Sadr's house
was surrounded during Dep Sec Defs first visit (June?), claiming summary execution
and mutilation of innocent Iraqis by US soldiers in Ramadi (July).
d) Unprofessional conduct or worse by Jazeera reporters eg crossing police or military
lines, secreting tapes when ordered to hand them over (Rarnadi, September).
e) Allegations of serious misconduct/Involvement in planning or execution of attacks
(CJTF7's main concern). These concerns led to the drafting of Order 41. To date there
have been 17 arrests of Jazeera reporters. Most allegations have proven
unsubstantiated, which Jazeera claims is a pattern of deliberate harassment. But we
currently have 2 Jazeera stringers in detention facing serious charges: 1 of prior
knowledge (Saleh Hassan, in custody awaiting investigation by a CCC judge), and 1 of
direct involvement in anti-coalition attacks in Mahmodia (Babil province).
In addition, USG has other non-Iraq-specific concerns, especially:
f) Being the primary sources of- and airing- UBL messages
B: What have we done about it?
2. When the Governing Council sought to throw out AI Jazeera in September, we intervened and
managed to persuade them to downgrade their action to a GC-limited, 2-week ban, while we
upgraded our efforts to get Jazeera to change. We argued successfully with the GC that Jazeera
should be given the opportunity to help itself first (for the reasons outlined below), and that any
action that we did take should be gradated, and based on due process.
3. These efforts to engender change include:
• dialogue locally with the Jazeera bureau
• dialogue in Qatar with Jazeera senior management
• dialogue in Qatar with Qatari government

4. We have made some progress to date, particularly on d) and e)- the two recent arrests
notwithstanding:
• The Jazeera bureau has fired some of the worst offenders
• They have signed undertakings to fully respect Order 41 and other key principles
• They have made their employees sign a code-of-conduct incorporating Orders 14 and 41
• They have instituted a training program for all their staff in Iraq.
However, the dialogue in Qatar with both the Foreign Minister and Jazeera management was
inconclusive on the other 4 concerns.
C: Next steps
5. During the Doha talks 2 weeks ago, we urged the new Jazeera Managing Director (ex-Baghdad
bureau chief) to visit Baghdad in the next week or two, with a firm message of what he plans to
do to address our concerns (and emphasized that we need specifics, not generalities). This would
lead into the next round of the US-Qatari Strategic Dialogue, due in Doha on 9 December. CPA
should be represented at those meetings.
6. We recommend that we await the outcome of these meetings before deciding on any further
.!!£!i!!!!:. Many ofthe downsides of more preeipitous action are set out below. But if the
allegations facing either of the two Jazeera stringers currently in custody prove true, it is hard to
avoid the logic of taking more immediate action against Jazeera in Iraq.
D: Legal Basis
7. There are two possible broad legal bases for taking action against Jazeera:
• International law: under the law of occupation, the occupying power has very broad
discretion with respect to the handling of the media
• Various provisions of the Iraqi penal code and CPA Orders (especially orders 14 and 41)
Scott Castle has set these out in more detail in his note to you, which made clear that we have the
ability to take action if we so chose.
E: Extent of Action
8. If we decided to take action against AI Jazeera, we would need to decide:
a) What action to take. Possible list includes
i. Expelling foreign nationals working for J azeera
ii. Closing all identified Jazeera offices
iii. Seizing equipment
iv. Banning use of frequencies to uplink material to Jazeera
b) c) How long the action should last
Whether the action is contingent on any behavior (and when it might be lifted)
F: lmoact of Action on Jazeera•s coverage
9. Since AI Jazeera has the largest audience of any pan-Arab station, it clearly wants to be able to
report from Iraq to maintain its credibility. So limiting the ability of AI Jazeera to be able to
report from here would probably harm AI Jazeera. But we could never prevent all Jazeera

reporting from Iraq, since we could not, for example, prevent Iraqi citizens from talking to AI
Jazeera by telephone. Nor could we prevent Jazeera from getting material from other
broadcasters with whom they have agreements (including CNN, BBC and other Arab stations).
And viewers in Iraq (who receive the network via satellite) would continue to have access to the
network's coverage (NB I am not aware of any technical means to prevent this, other than
Saddam 's method).
10. And we could expect a subsequent hardening, rather than a softening of AI Jazeera's line. Part
of AI Jazeera's credibility with the Arab audience comes from its confrontations with
governments in the region. It could be expected to spin a ban as one more episode in its history
of"speaking truth to power." The network's popularity has often increased after such incidents,
in particular among the citizens of the country from which it has been banned. Whether it loses
part of its wider audience due to an inability to cover Iraq in the absence of a news gathering
operation would remain to be seen.
E: Political Impact of Action Internationally
II. Any action which we take must be on the basis of visible due process. Precipitous action, or
action which could be portrayed as emotionally-, not factually-grounded would be damaging to
us. Such action would be portrayed as conflicting with the President's commitment to
democracy and freedom in the Middle East. And it would be that much harder to justify given
that many other broadcasters (including Western broadcasters) are also unbalanced and critical in
their coverage oflraq.
It would be widely criticized by:
• international press
• Arab press
• press freedom organizations
• many governments- both Western and other
. G: Impact of Action on relations with Oatar
12. This is clearly an important consideration, not least given the strat~gic importance of AI-Udaid
to the mission here.
H: Governing Council's role
13. The Governing Council already feels strongly about the strong and well known. If we are to
conclude that banning AI Jazeera is warranted and serves our broader interests in Iraq, we should
seek to have the GC take this decision, rather than the CPA. The GC would also prefer this.
Any action by the GC would be portrayed by the press as contrasting with our aim of having a
democratic and libertarian government in Iraq, in contrast to other governments in the region
(many of whom have banned Jazeera from operating). But it would be easier for the GC to
justify than for us, on the grounds tha\ their country is at stake and AI Jazeera has chosen the
wrong side.
COORDINATION: ._..l{b~X~6~)~____...b=en=er=al_,C=ou ...... ns ... e.._ ! ----,
l(b)(6) Povemance

D31/12-/(tJq
TERMINATING AL JAZEERA'S ACTIVITIES IN IRAQ
As a matter of law, the following authorities provide potential bases for seizing
Jazeera equipment, shutting down its offices, escorting all foreign Al Jazeera
employees to the border from which they entered Iraq and expelling them from the
country:
• Hague Regulations 1907. Article 53 of the Hague Regulations authorizes
the CPA, as occupying power, to seize all property adapted for the
transmission of news, even if the property belongs to private individuals.
This authority does not require proof of the commission of any offense, and
is not conditioned upon any particular security threat or incident. Instead,
the authority recognizes the essentially military nature of information
operations in an occupation. The CPA must restore property seized under
this provision, and compensate owners, upon the cessation of hostilities.
• Laws and usages of war. ·Arguably, AI Jazeera is willingly furthering the
information operations of opposing forces and therefore could be
neutralized as part of the Coalition's offensive information operations. This
authority is based on the security and military necessity principles available
under the law of armed conflict, including the law of occupation.
Existing CPA Orders related to media content a~d conduct:
o CPA Order No 14 regulates media activities by prohibiting the
dissemination of material that directly incites violence.
o CPA Order No. 41 clarifies that paragraphs 190 and 219 of the Iraqi
Criminal Code apply to actions taken against the Governing Council,
interim Iraqi Ministers, drafters of the new Iraqi constitUtion, CPA
and Coalition Forces, (Paragraph 190 criminalizes the use of
explosives to change the formation of the government. Paragraph
219 authorizes punishment of individuals who fail to notify public
authorities of their foreknowledge of such an offense.)
o Violations of either Order by AI Jazeera employees would provide a
policy rationale to support termination of its media activities.
Any decision to control or terminate media activities will trigger claims that such a
decision-unless based on conduct, or communications that clearly incite
violence--is antithetical to the ideals informing the restoration of Iraq's
governance institutions. Such a decision would be most defensible if it were based
upon behavior that is clearly distinguishable from other news organizations.