RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE
February 24, 2005
USAID provided sewage pump trucks to support the US Army’s rehabilitation of Mosul water treatment plants and sewage pump stations.
Contents:
Electricity ...........................................................2
Water and Sanitation.........................................3
Economic Governance ......................................4
Agriculture.........................................................5
Education .......................................................... 6
Health................................................................ 7
Local Governance.......................................... 8
National Governance ..................................... 9
Community Action Program ........................... 10
Completed Activities....................................... 11
Financial Summary ........................................ 12
USAID assists Iraqis in reconstructing their country by working with Iraq’s Interim Government. Programs are
implemented in coordination with the United Nations, country partners, nongovernmental organizations and private
sector partners.
This report highlights USAID’s overall accomplishments and recent reconstruction efforts in Iraq. For more information,
please visit www.usaid.gov/iraq.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT WWW.USAID.GOV

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TO DATE
ELECTRICITY
USAID’s goals include the emergency repair or rehabilitation of power genera-
tion facilities and electrical grids. Teams of engineers from the Ministry of
Electricity, USAID and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have been working
since May of 2003 to restore the capacity of Iraq’s power system.
HIGHLIGHTS THIS WEEK
USAID is working to provide new generation capacity at the site of an
existing mid-sized thermal power plant in southern Baghdad that is ser-
viced by a heavy fuel pipeline and can accommodate expansion. This project
is scheduled to be complete in July 2005.
The expansion project included the purchase of two combustion turbines rated
at 120 MW each and the supply of auxiliary equipment. These turbines will
begin light fuel operation in May 2005, with the first synchronization set for
June 2005. It is common to use a lighter fuel for initial unit operation but since
these fuels are in short supply, the turbines will be converted for heavy fuel
operation in June and mid-July 2005. When completed, 215 to 240 MW of
electricity will be added to Baghdad’s grid.
In early February, a class of Iraqi senior power plant staff began training
at the University of Jordan in Amman on combustion plant and thermal
plant operations and on training techniques so they could further impart
the knowledge they are acquiring to their staff. Several trainees at the
Doura Power Plant also began on-the-job training in February. These ses-
sions are part of an Operations and Maintenance Training initiative under
USAID’s Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction (IIR) program.
USAID is administering nearly $3 billion in infrastructure improvement projects
throughout Iraq to ensure that homes and businesses are receiving services
essential for the resumption of everyday life. Parallel to these projects, O&M
training and institutional strengthening activities are required to ensure sus-
tainable operation and maintenance of new and refurbished facilities. The
O&M training effort provides for classroom training of 239 Ministry of Electric-
ity (MOE) staff in tiers corresponding to their O&M management level.
The IIR program completed rehabilitation work on water treatment plants
(WTPs) at two power plants in Basrah governorate. The scope of work on
this project includes work on a total of four Basrah power plants that have
been operating with damaged or jerry-rigged WTPs that have not been main-
tained due to lack of spare parts. The WTPs also did not have reverse osmo-
sis (RO) units necessary to produce clean water.
Poor water quality causes metal embrittlement of boiler tubes and mineral de-
posits on boiler tubes; both will eventually cause these tubes to rupture. Long
term use of poor quality water results in permanent damage to the plant’s
boiler and heat exchange system, additional outages and down-time, and
costly repairs. These replacement WTPs improve the efficiency and reliability
of Basrah’s power plants. Because of Basrah’s brackish aquifer water, RO
units capable of removing salts are required for all plants.
This work will improve the efficiency, reliability and working life of boilers, tur-
bines, and WTPs. Efficiency gains will add 20 megawatts (MW) to the national
power grid. Work at the remaining two power plants will be complete in mid-
March, 2005.
February 24, 2005
• By October, 2003, rehabilitated
electric power capacity to pro-
duce peak capacity greater
than the pre-war level of 4,400
MW. Production reached
5,365 MW on August 18, 2004.
• Since achieving record power
production in Summer ‘04, the
Ministry of Electricity—with as-
sistance from USAID—has be-
gun the standard Fall mainte-
nance process which will neces-
sarily reduce the amount of
power available for consump-
tion. USAID worked with the
MOE to conduct last Fall’s
maintenance program.
• Repairing thermal units, replac-
ing turbines, rehabilitating the
power distribution network, and
installing and restoring genera-
tors.
• USAID has added 600 MW of
capacity through maintenance
and rehabilitation work, and also
repaired a 400 KV transmission
line.
• USAID and the Ministry of Elec-
tricity are working with partners
to add a total of more than 942
MW to the national grid by De-
cember 2005 through mainte-
nance, rehabilitation, and new
generation projects.
• USAID completed a project to
convert two units that produce
80 MW each to operate on
crude/heavy fuel oil instead of
diesel which is in short supply.
• Most recently, USAID has initi-
ated a project to rehabilitate 13
existing substations and con-
struct 24 new substations in
Baghdad. These 37 substations
will improve the distribution and
reliability of electricity for more
than two million Baghdad resi-
dents.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 2

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TO DATE
WATER AND SANITATION
USAID’s goal is to improve the efficiency and reliability of existing water and
wastewater treatment facilities, especially those in the south where water
quantity and quality are particularly low. An anticipated 11.8 million Iraqis will
benefit from USAID’s $600 million in water and sanitation projects.
HIGHLIGHTS THIS WEEK
Work continues on the rehabilitation of a major sewage treatment plant
in Karbala. The low quality of treatment at this facility made this effluent wa-
ter a major public health concern. Rehabilitation will reduce public health risks
from contaminated water, benefiting city and downstream residents and an
estimated three million pilgrims who visit Karbala’s holy sites each year.
Currently, the primary sedimentation tank is being rehabilitated and the final
discharge channel is being altered to adapt to a new primary effluent screw
pump station. An aeration tank is being prepared for refurbishment and water
that has infiltrated is being pumped out. Finally, pile-driving continues at the
site of the secondary sedimentation tanks.
When complete, this project will have cleaned the plant’s aeration tanks and
constructed two new 36-meter diameter secondary sedimentation tanks. The
inlet pumping station will also be rehabilitated, as will the primary effluent
pumping station, and return-activated pumping station. All major pumps, aux-
iliary mechanical equipment, and supporting electrical equipment will be re-
placed or repaired as required. The project is now 10% finished and is sched-
uled for completion in February 2006.
USAID is working alongside the
U.S. Army to rehabilitate Mosul’s
water treatment and sewer sys-
tems. New pumps are required at
six of the city’s water treatment
plants; existing pumps are inade-
quate due to age and lack of pre-
ventative maintenance, a problem
exacerbated by an unreliable
power supply. Existing elevated
water tanks have been abandoned
for years because pumps cannot
operate long enough to fill them.
Sewage pump trucks supplied by USAID.
In support of the U.S. Army’s ef-
forts to install diesel generator systems and rehabilitate the six water treat-
ment plants and eight pump stations, USAID is providing trucks and other
equipment including pumps and pump control systems, valves, penstocks,
pipes, spare parts, tools, and electrical equipment. USAID is also providing
welding training to water treatment plant operations and maintenance staff.
Mosul will have 24 hours of water available when the elevated tanks are back
in service by the end of March.
USAID will also clear the city’s sewer and storm-drain systems. Mosul’s sewer
system is poorly-designed with its sanitary sewer and stormwater drainage
interconnected. As a result, raw sewage is frequently discharged into the Ti-
gris River. In winter, when drainage flows are highest, some residential areas
flood with raw sewage, creating a serious public health issue.
February 24, 2005
• Nationwide: Repaired various
sewage lift stations and water
treatment units.
• Baghdad: Expanding one water
treatment plant and constructing
another to increase capacity by
approximately 70 million gallons
per day; rehabilitating sewage
treatment plants.
− A major wastewater treatment
plant in Baghdad began operat-
ing in June of 2004; this is the
first major sewage plant in the
country to operate in over 12
years.
− The sewage treatment system
in Baghdad, barely functioning
for years before the conflict, will
be restored to almost 100-
percent capacity, serving 80
percent of Baghdad’s popula-
tion.
− Standby generators are being
installed at 41 Baghdad water
facilities.
• South: Rehabilitated parts of
the Sweet Water Canal system,
including repairing breaches,
cleaning the main reservoir, and
refurbished 14 water treatment
plants around Basrah serving
1.75 million people.
• South Central: Rehabilitating
two water plants and four sew-
age plants.
− Completed the rehabilitation of
a sewage plant in Babil Gover-
norate.
− Sewage plants in An Najaf, Al
Qadisiyah, Karbala, and Babil
Governorates will serve 440,000
upon completion.
− Water treatment in Najaf and
Babil will serve residents and
visitors at Iraq’s holiest shrines.
• North: Completed rehabilitation
of Kirkuk water plant and con-
tinuing refurbishment of sewage
plant near Mosul.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 3

February 24, 2005
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TO DATE
ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE
USAID supports sustainable economic reforms in Iraq including examining
and reforming laws, regulations, and institutions and providing a framework for
private sector trade, commerce, and investment. The reforms will strengthen
the Central Bank and the Ministries of Finance, Trade, Commerce and Indus-
try—among others.
HIGHLIGHTS THIS WEEK
Iraqi officials and private sector representatives are working with
USAID’s Private Sector Development II (PSD II) program to prepare for
accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This is important for
Iraq in terms of its reintegration into the community of nations and its emer-
gence as an open, vibrant market economy. PSD II advisors are currently
working on drafting sample WTO-compliant legislation and supporting Iraqi
officials in strategizing reform activities. Recent activities include:
Intellectual property. PSD II staff is helping Iraqi officials develop appropriate
trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPS) laws and regulations. Re-
cently, PSD II advisors drafted model regulations on Copyright and Fair Use
and on Mandatory Registration and Deposit Requirements for Iraqi Protected
Works. Drafts include provisions on trade secret issues, visual arts, computer
programs, databases, and online content. PSD II staff is continuing to gather
data for further draft model regulations for other WTO/TRIPS-related issues.
Accession roadmap. The PSD II team recently presented its WTO Accession
Roadmap to Iraqi officials and private sector partners. A WTO Legislative Ac-
tion Plan, outlining legislative steps necessary for accession, has also been
produced and distributed. The Legislative Action Plan is awaiting formal Iraqi
government acceptance.
Iraqi government officials are working with USAID’s Iraq Economic Gov-
ernance II (IEG II) program staff to reform commercial laws and institu-
tions. This effort has made progress in developing commercial legisla-
tion and assessing the current state of commercial law, and is now fo-
cused on capacity building efforts for Iraqi government entities. Recent activi-
ties have included:
Capacity building. IEG II advisors have defined a first phase institutional
strengthening and capacity building training program for senior officials of the
Ministry of Justice; the training will help these officials to guide reform efforts
and implement new laws. The IEG II team recently met with representatives
of Iraqi legal NGOs to identify potential areas of future support through capac-
ity building grants and loans. Advisors also agreed with the dean of an Iraqi
law school on a program of sponsorship for eligible Iraqi law students to intern
at US law firms.
Business registry. The Iraqi Business Registrar has confirmed that more than
21,000 Iraqi companies have been registered in Baghdad as of January 2005.
The Registrar attributed this success to IEG II-supported training efforts, tech-
nical improvements, and clarifications of the Company Law. A new Business
Registry will improve transparency in procedures for registering companies
will provide a valuable resource for companies that need information on other
businesses, as well as government entities with responsibilities for licensing
and taxing. When complete, the registry will be fully automated, including
web-based applications for registering companies and retrieving information.
• Worked with the Ministry of Fi-
nance to introduce the new Iraqi
dinar.
• Created more than 77,000 pub-
lic works jobs through the Na-
tional Employment Program.
• Provided technical assistance
on accounting, budgeting and
lending activities at Iraq’s com-
mercial banks.
• Improved statistical analysis,
monetary policymaking, and
bank supervision procedures at
Iraq’s Central Bank.
• Provided technical assistance
for CPA’s $21 million micro-
credit program.
• Provided technical assistance
for the Oil for Food transition to
prepare Iraqi ministries to as-
sume responsibility for OFF
contracts.
• Evaluated and updated com-
mercial laws on private sector
and foreign investment.
• Assisted in developing the re-
construction levy in collabora-
tion with the CPA and the UK
Customs Service; this levy im-
poses a five percent tariff on
imports to Iraq.
• Developed a government-wide
IT strategy to support the auto-
mation of planning, budgeting
and reporting processes across
ministries.
• Provided technical assistance
as well as information on con-
tracting opportunities for Iraqi
businesses through business
centers.
• Provided technical support for
the re-opening of the Iraq Stock
Exchange after it was closed
down for more than 15 months;
3.6 billion Iraqi dinars ($2.4 mil-
lion USD) in shares were traded
in the first day.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 4

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TO DATE
• Summer and Winter Crop
Technology Demonstrations:
These demonstrations are intro-
ducing farmers to new technolo-
gies and techniques through
extension field days.
• Animal Health: Several veteri-
nary clinics in Kirkuk, Fallujah,
and other cities are being reno-
vated and a grant has been
made for dipping tanks to im-
prove sheep health and wool.
• Technology Support: The Min-
istry of Agriculture and a major
university’s schools of Agricul-
ture and Veterinary Science
have been awarded grants to
furnish and equip computer
centers, improving research
capabilities and consulting ca-
pacity.
• Date Palm Propagation: In
collaboration with the Ministry of
Agriculture, 40,000 elite date
palm offshoots are being used
to establish mother orchards in
13 governorates as part of a
multiplication program and the
establishment of a national reg-
ister of elite varieties.
• Agriculture Sector Transition
Plan: This plan, completed in
mid-April, addresses the short-
term recovery of agricultural
infrastructure as well as medium
and long-term implementation of
policies to develop a market-
based agricultural economy.
Implementing an Integrated Pest Management
training initiative includes a solid understanding
of the proper use of the different products avail-
able on the market.
AGRICULTURE
USAID’s goals are to work in conjunction with Iraqi ministries, the private sec-
tor, and higher education institutions to revitalize agricultural production,
stimulate income and employment generation, nurture rural initiatives, and
rehabilitate the natural resource base.
HIGHLIGHTS THIS WEEK
USAID’s Agriculture Reconstruc-
tion and Development Program
for Iraq (ARDI) is exploring the
possiblity of adding an Integrated
Pest Management (IPM) compo-
nent to their program. Currently,
ARDI staff is interviewing key ac-
tors in IPM including local agricul-
tural input providers, plant pa-
thologists, biologists, research
directors and ministry officials to
obtain background information on
the current situation regarding
pest management, pesticides,
recommendations, and provision
of relevant advice to farmers. In-
formation about current Iraqi
practices and local knowledge will be consolidated into the foundation of a lar-
ger program.
Topics covered in these interviews specifically include the structure and activi-
ties of Integrated Pest Management extension services, current activities, ma-
jor pest problems plus sources of crop production recommendations, staffing
at field level, current research programs with particular emphasis on pest
management, and the availability and quality of inputs.
The ARDI program recently held a workshop in Arbil for 13 farmers and 24
research extension specialists participating in the ARDI Wheat Production
Campaign. Wheat is the principal crop in the country in terms of area planted
and crop value. It is grown mainly in the northern governorates under rain-fed
conditions. It is also grown to a lesser extent in central and southern Iraq dur-
ing winter, using irrigation. The workshop discussed rodent and weed control
and fertilization.
Workshop participants reported problems with bait used to trap field mice, rats
and mole-rats; a new type of bait was recommended. Participants also de-
cided on two herbicides to be applied to fields for weed control. The final rec-
ommendation of the group was to implement fertilizer application following
herbicide treatment. Farmers participating in the workshop received protective
gear for the safe application and handling of pesticides and herbicides.
Weed and pest control are related issues. Field mice, rats, and mole-rats all
thrive in the ground cover provided by weeds. Mole-rats undermine root sys-
tems, while field mice and rats attack immature plants; sometimes, enough of
the plant is destroyed that it cannot recuperate, leading to low crop yields.
Rat infestation is also a health risk.
February 24, 2005
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 5

EDUCATION
February 24, 2005
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TO DATE
• Facilities
− Awarded 627 grants worth more
than $6 million to rehabilitate
schools and equip Directorates
General.
− Rehabilitated 2,405 schools
countrywide.
• Supplies
− Distributed desks, chairs, cabi-
nets, chalkboards, and kits for
primary and secondary schools
countrywide.
− Printed and distributed 8.7 mil-
lion revised math and science
textbooks to grades 1-12 by
mid-February 2004.
• Institutional Strengthening
− Completed a major initiative that
trained nearly 33,000 secondary
school teachers and administra-
tors, including 860 master train-
ers, nationwide.
− Conducted a pilot accelerated
learning program in five Iraqi
cities to allow out-of-school chil-
dren to complete two school
years in one year. More than
550 students participated.
− Assisted the Ministry in estab-
lishing official baseline educa-
tion data for Iraq.
• Higher Education
− Awarded five grants worth $20.7
million to create partnerships
between U.S. and Iraqi universi-
ties. Through these partner-
ships, Iraqi universities are re-
building infrastructure; re-
equipping university facilities;
participating in international
conferences; attending work-
shops and refresher courses;
and reforming curriculum.
USAID’s goals are to increase enrollment, improve the quality of primary and
secondary education, ensure classrooms have sufficient supplies, facilitate
community involvement, train teachers, implement accelerated learning pro-
grams, and establish partnerships between U.S. and Iraqi colleges and uni-
versities.
HIGHLIGHTS THIS WEEK
More than 8,500 books have been delivered
to five Iraqi Universities with the support of
USAID’s Higher Education and Development
(HEAD) program. The books include disciplines
such as engineering, law, medicine, dentistry,
art history, anthropology, foreign languages, bi-
ology, chemistry, physics, women’s studies, and
electronics. One of the largest book drives in the
world, this initiative has involved book collection
and cataloging by discipline, dividing books be-
tween the five participating Iraqi Universities,
and finally packing and shipping the books to each school.
A shipment of books arrives at
an Iraqi university.
The books have been donated by individuals, book stores, publishing compa-
nies, and other organizations from around the globe, ranging from the London
Mathematical Society to university students in India. Most donations came
from University of Oklahoma students and faculty.
Twenty Supplies Directors from
Iraq’s Ministry of Education re-
cently returned from a 10-day
study tour in Cairo to learn how a
similar country deals with issues
related to textbook production and
distribution. Participants toured the
Egyptian Ministry of Education, a text
book distribution center, a textbook
printing company, and a model
school. The tour was part of a
UNESCO textbook program for Iraq’s
primary and secondary schools
funded by a $10 grant from USAID.
The textbook program also involves
the installation of VSAT technology in
every governorate education office. VSAT--a form of satellite communication
that allows the transmission of data, voice and video signals--will improve
many aspects of governorate education operations, not only textbook distribu-
tion. In addition, the UNESCO project is providing 136 computers with desktop
publishing software to the Education Ministry and governorate education of-
fices.
Improving the capacity of Supplies Directors and the facilities of governorate
education offices is helping the Ministry of Education reestablish excellence in
Iraq’s primary and secondary schools.
A textbook printing company toured by 20
Supply Directors from the Education
Ministry.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 6

HEALTH
February 24, 2005
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TO DATE
• Vaccinated over 3 million chil-
dren under five and 700,000
pregnant women with vaccina-
tion campaigns that included
monthly immunization days.
• Provided supplementary doses
of vitamin A for more than
600,000 children under two
and 1.5 million lactating moth-
ers.
• Provided iron folate supple-
ments for over 1.6 million
women of childbearing age.
• Screened more than 1.3 million
children under five for malnutri-
tion.
• Distributed high protein bis-
cuits to more than 450,000
children and 200,000 pregnant
and nursing mothers.
• Provided potable water for
400,000 persons each day in
Basrah city and 170,000 per-
sons in Kirkuk and Mosul.
• Provided skills training for
2,500 primary health care pro-
viders and 700 physicians.
• Trained 2,000 health educa-
tors, teachers, religious leaders
and youth to mobilize commu-
nities on hygiene, diarrhea,
breastfeeding, nutrition and
immunization issues.
• Disseminated information on
essential health messages to
families around the country.
• Renovated 110 primary health
care centers.
• Provided vaccines and cold
chain equipment to selected
health centers.
• Developed a national plan for
the fortification of wheat flour
with iron and folic acid.
USAID’s goals include supporting a reformed Iraqi Ministry of Health, deliver-
ing essential health services, funding vaccines and high protein biscuits for
pregnant and nursing mothers and malnourished children, providing basic pri-
mary health care equipment and supplies, training and upgrading health staff,
providing health education and information, and identify the specific needs of
the health sector and of vulnerable populations such as women and children.
HIGHLIGHTS THIS WEEK
Throughout the month of January, UNICEF distributed about 21 million
liters of drinking water in Baghdad through water tankers. Approximately
20 million liters, benefiting 180,000 people, were provided mainly in the east-
ern parts of Baghdad city, where water services have been almost completely
disrupted for some time. UNICEF also provided water tankering services in
the Western part of Baghdad for several days, after a bomb blast created a
serious leak in the water main of one of the two major water treatment plants,
which serves about half the population of Baghdad. This emergency response
provided approximately one million liters of water to about 40,000 people. The
provision of water also continued in Fallujah where about 67,000 Internally
Displaced Persons were provided with 10.7 million litres of drinking water.
Currently a desk review is ongoing to assess water tankering activities. The
recommendations of the review will help strengthen this component.
Half of a $36.7 million USAID grant to UNICEF for health and water and sani-
tation programs is being used to support water supply and sanitation improve-
ment projects throughout Iraq. As a result of these programs, vulnerable
populations are gaining access to potable water and improved sanitation is
helping to decrease the incidence of waterborne diseases, thus improving
public health throughout the country.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 7

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TO DATE
LOCAL GOVERNANCE
USAID’s goals in the Democracy and Governance sector include promoting
representative citizen participation in governance at the national and sub-
national level; supporting the administration of transparent and credible elec-
toral processes; strengthening the management skills of national, city, and
provincial administrations and civic institutions; promoting advocacy and par-
ticipation of civil society organizations; enhancing leadership skills; and serv-
ing as a recruiting tool for future leaders.
HIGHLIGHTS THIS WEEK
Local Governance Program (LGP) staff and the Baghdad Mayoralty contin-
ued to plan the further rehabilitation of the city’s water network. The ap-
proach proposes a comprehensive analysis of water loss, repairs and mainte-
nance, a water network survey, a computerized Network Information System, and
an enhanced water control service. Future work will be conducted based on infor-
mation processed through the Mayoralty’s Geographic Information System (GIS).
LGP and Mayoralty staff work together to collect and analyze data on water treat-
ment units for the GIS; nearly all data has been collected for 2004. LGT special-
ists began data analysis and will conduct analysis training for water treatment de-
partment staff. To this end, LGP also delivered more than 200 publications to the
technical training center at the Mayoralty’s Water and Sewage Department and
installed 50 computers for the Baghdad governorate Water and Sewage offices.
The LGP Policy Reform Team (PRT) held a seminar on Local Government
Associations (LGAs) for 20 Arbil/Dahuk senior officials including the Arbil
Deputy Governor and the Representative of the Governor of Dahuk. PRT dis-
cussed how LGAs can strengthen Iraqi local government and presented the LGA
Toolkit as a reference guide to determine if and how to establish LGAs.
Questionnaires were distributed to gauge support for LGAs. All attendees felt they
would be useful and the majority favored having LGAs concentrate on technical
rather than political issues and including representatives from the rural districts
and subdistricts. A majority of attendees also felt that the initial focus should be on
decentralization rather than providing services to local government. Attendees
emphasized that they preferred a Federal system as the first step to decentraliza-
tion to better reflect the political situation in northern Iraq.
Basrah LGP staff are developing an accounting program for the Health Di-
rectorate to manage financial transactions at eleven hospitals and about 50 clin-
ics throughout the governorate. LGP is also developing a database to process
and track the fleet of vehicles that belong to 15 separate Basrah municipalities.
Baghdad’s LGP finance and accounting staff conducted a one-day training
session for 21 local officials throughout the governorate in basic account-
ing and finance concepts. An additional training session on Excel and Word is
planned in the next two weeks.
The South Central LGP team recently completed a 3-day training course for
14 council members from the Jassan Subdistrict Council on writing by-
laws. Course topics included a brief history of Iraqi administrative systems, an
introduction to legislation, a course on council structure and advice on how to or-
ganize and structure relations with local councils.
February 24, 2005
• Established regional offices in
Al Basrah, Al Hillah, Baghdad,
and Mosul and operations in all
governorates.
• Awarded $15.5 million in rapid-
response grants in the first pro-
gram year to strengthen the
capacity of municipal authorities
to deliver core municipal ser-
vices. The grants were used to
restore services in agriculture,
education, health, electricity,
sanitation, and water.
• Facilitated the establishment
and refreshment of 16 gover-
norate councils, 90 district coun-
cils, 194 city or sub-district
councils, and 445 neighborhood
councils.
• Organized and facilitated nu-
merous selection processes for
governors and mayors, as well
as local council members,
throughout Iraq.
• Committed more than $2.4 mil-
lion for the nationwide Civic
Education Campaign, which
educates Iraqis on democracy
and Iraq’s political situation.
More than 28,500 democracy
dialogues have been conducted
to date.
• Supported preparation of 2004
city council budgets in Baghdad,
Mosul, Al Hillah, Babil, and An
Najaf.
• Supporting a series of National
Agenda Dialogue Conferences,
which engage stakeholders
such as academics, journalists,
women, tribal leaders, and local
government officials in discus-
sions on their roles in Iraq’s
emerging democracy.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 8

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
• Strengthen the capacity of the
legislative branch of the Iraqi
interim and transitional govern-
ments and its staff during the
interim and transition period to
include lawmaking, representa-
tion, executive oversight, and
other responsibilities as pro-
vided by the Transitional Admin-
istrative Law (TAL)
• Assist the Executive Authority,
the Presidency Council, and the
Council of Ministers and its pre-
siding Prime Minister to develop
governing processes, rules of
procedure, regulations and di-
rectives necessary to enforce
the laws, and to implement gov-
ernment programs and policies
• Support the process for adop-
tion of an Iraqi constitution that
promotes democratic principles
and values through the provi-
sion of technical assistance that
includes, but is not limited to,
providing comparative constitu-
tional expertise; organizing con-
stitutional conferences and con-
ventions; facilitating public
awareness, education, and par-
ticipation; and assisting in the
conduct of a national referen-
dum or other ratifying mecha-
nism.
NATIONAL GOVERNANCE
Consistent with USAID’s policy with regard to supporting elections, USAID
activities in Iraq make a good faith effort to assist all political organizations
with equitable levels of assistance, do not seek to determine election out-
comes, and support representative multiparty systems.
HIGHLIGHTS THIS WEEK
Following a strategic planning session in February with the Interim Na-
tional Council’s (INC) Chief of Staff and five of his senior advisors,
USAID’s implementing partner agreed to conduct training for 18 indi-
viduals expected to become staff members of the upcoming Transitional
National Assembly (TNA). The INC is the precursor to the TNA. The INC’s
support staff and secretariat will now be responsible for performing the same
administrative and support functions for the TNA.
In early February, the implementing partner led a one-day seminar allowing
staff members to specify their needs and interests in anticipation of further
staff training sessions once the TNA is in session and its staffing is com-
pleted. Participants included members of the Department for Public Informa-
tion and Media, International Relations, General Administration and Technol-
ogy and Protocols.
This training session served as a complementary workshop to the week-long
Parliamentary Administration workshop conducted by USAID partners in con-
junction with the University of Jordan in Amman, in early February. At that
workshop, General Administration topics were discussed including minute tak-
ing, accounting, translation, media relations, protocol training, and information
technology and time management. The 16 participants were TNA staff mem-
bers that represent a cross section of the personnel in the Secretariat of the
Parliament.
A USAID implementing partner has begun to receive grant submissions
from Iraqi civil society organizations (CSOs) to support efforts to in-
crease women’s participation in the constitutional process. More specifi-
cally, the grant programs will support CSOs that focus on women’s issues in a
democracy, the political awareness of women and the involvement of women
in Iraqi political life. USAID anticipates providing three $20,000 sub-grants to
three organizations with qualifying proposals for projects that will develop a
women’s advocacy agenda for the constitutional process and support public
education for women on the constitutional referendum.
The implementing partner has also begun the development of a Constitutional
Tool-Kit for political parties to assist them in using the constitutional process
as a public outreach mechanism and as an opportunity to engage voters di-
rectly in the public debate on the constitution. This outreach would serve the
dual purpose of adding weight and legitimacy to the advocacy of the political
parties in their constitutional negotiations, while at the same time providing
them with an opportunity to directly engage the public about party messag-
ing. If successful, this outreach may also help to ensure that the positions
taken by political parties in the constitutional negotiations are better informed
while at the same time ensuring that the public is better informed about the
constitutional process and opportunities to become involved.
February 24, 2005
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 9

MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
TO DATE
COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM
The Community Action Program (CAP) works in rural and urban communities
across Iraq to promote democracy and prevent and mitigate conflict. Working
directly through partner NGOs and in consultation with local government rep-
resentatives, USAID is creating representative, participatory community
groups to identify critical priorities and implement programs to address those
needs.
HIGHLIGHTS THIS WEEK
USAID’s Community Action Pro-
gram (CAP) recently finished pav-
ing a village road outside of Al Hil-
lah. The existing road was unpaved
and inaccessible during the winter,
isolating the village, where three-
quarters of the 1,400 residents work in
subsistence farming, from surrounding
towns and the commercial and educa-
tional services of Al Hillah, less than
15 km away. The CAP team began
working with the community in August 2004. Residents and Community Asso-
ciation members agreed upon their first project, the paving of the 1.8km road
connecting the village to the Hillah - Karbala highway.
Excavation and paving of the road began in November, and was completed in
January 2005. Community residents and Association members worked to-
gether to implement the project, which will benefit all village residents. The
farmer explained, “When the road is finished, we will be able to travel freely to
other towns and to the city. Our children will be able to attend school easily,
even secondary school or higher education in the city. We have always lived
simple lives, but the project will give us a new role in this country.”
Follow-up training to the CAP spring and fall conflict mitigation sessions
was held in Amman in mid-December for 16 Iraqi Community Mobilizers
working in northern Iraq. At the three-day workshop, Iraqi staff learned
the fundamentals of conflict resolution. The first day established a founda-
tion for thinking about and discussing conflict. Participants identified conflict
projects that would be important in their communities. The second day deep-
ened thinking about conflict, from personal assumptions to a review of ele-
ments that compose conflict like positions and interests. On the third day,
participants learned to analyze economic, social, political and external factors
that cause or exacerbate a conflict, possible conflict triggers, and different
peace capacities within a conflict situation. They broke into small groups to
study a made-up conflict about water resources that was roughly based on a
real life situation that arose early on in CAP and then developed project ideas
to address conflict within and between their communities.
Working with Iraqi staff to generate ideas for conflict resolution development
projects was a solid success. Staff learned to assess the variables that make
up a conflict and started to develop specific projects to address possible con-
flict in their communities. Two participants took on the task of providing a fol-
low-up training in early January to all not present. Soon, all staff will have a
solid foundation in conflict resolution and the mandate to look for projects that
resolve conflicts in their communities.
February 24, 2005
• USAID has committed over $104
million to 2,183 projects while
Iraqi communities have committed
more than 25% of total funding.
CAP has established over 670
community action groups (CAGs)
in 17 governorates. Five U.S.
NGOs each concentrate on a
region: north, Baghdad, south-
west central, southeast central,
and south.
• The northern program focuses on
the conflict prone areas of the
Sunni Triangle, Mosul, Kirkuk and
the Iran-Iraq border. The partner
NGO has completed 271 projects
with over $11 million in project
commitments including improving
the Tikrit water supply, and devel-
oping income generation projects
in the north.
• In the southwest central region,
the partner NGO has established
a strong presence in Hillah and
the Shi’a holy cities Najaf and
Karbala. Emphasis on critical
infrastructure needs has improved
community water/sanitation ser-
vices and schools, and repaired
vital social infrastructure. They
have completed 219 projects and
have over $13.5 million in project
commitments.
• Income generation is an important
emphasis in the Baghdad pro-
gram where 289 projects have
been completed through CAGs. A
marketplace for over 700 vendors
is being constructed, and crews
are cleaning up medical waste
dumps. Total project commit-
ments are $16.2 million.
• In the southeast central region,
125 projects are complete with a
total of $13.7 million in commit-
ments. In the Shi’i heartland,
these projects address needs
resulting from decades of govern-
ment neglect and focus on water,
sewerage, community clean-up,
and school rehabilitation.
• The southern program has com-
pleted 378 projects through 138
CAGs which average 40%
women’s participation. Projects
have focused on immediate com-
munity needs such as sewage
clean up, water treatment and
distribution, public health, and
girls’ access to education. Total
commitments are $15.9 million.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 10

COMPLETED ACTIVITES
February 24, 2005
Since the cessation of the 2003 conflict, USAID has completed their planned work at Umm Qasr Seaport, re-
stored significant portions of Iraq’s telecommunications network, rebuilt three major bridges and restored the
rail line connecting Umm Qasr with Basra city and points north. USAID also helped avert a humanitarian cri-
sis during the conflict by providing assistance to the United Nations’ World Food Program. USAID advisors
continue to assist with the management and distribution of food rations for all Iraqi citizens.
SEAPORTS
• The $45 million program to rehabilitate and improve management at Umm Qasr seaport was completed in June 2004.
• Port reopened to commercial traffic on June 17, 2003; completed first passenger vessel test July 16.
• Up to 50 ships offload at the port every month.
• Completed dredging to open all 21 berths to deep-draft ships; maintenance dredging is ongoing.
• Applied port tariffs on June 20, 2003.
• Renovated the grain-receiving facility to process 600 MT of grain an hour.
• Renovated the administration building, passenger terminal, customs hall, and electrical substations.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• Audited more than 1,200 km of the fiber optic backbone network and performed emergency repairs, reconnecting 20
cities and 70% of the population.
• Reconstituted Baghdad area phone service by installing switches with 240,000 lines at 12 sites.
• Installed and fully integrated 13 new switches with 14 existing switches.
• Worked with the Ministry of Communications to reactivate more than 215,000 subscriber lines.
• Installed a satellite gateway system at Baghdad’s largest telecom exchange and restored international service.
• Trained telecom engineers and technicians in the operation and maintenance of the satellite gateway system and the
new switches.
BRIDGES AND ROADS
• Rebuilt three major bridges—Khazir, Tikrit and Al Mat bridges—critical for the movement of people and commercial products
throughout the country.
• Rebuilt the Iraqi Republican Railway line connecting Basrah with the port of Umm Qasr including physical track construction, install-
ing culverts, and repairing gatehouses. This work facilitates the shipment of bulk cargo from the port to Baghdad and throughout
the country.
FOOD SECURITY
• Worked directly with the World Food Program (WFP) and Coalition Forces to re-establish the Public Distribution Sys-
tem in less than 30 days, avoiding a humanitarian food crisis and providing food security throughout the country.
• With Iraqi food distributors, Food for Peace, the WFP, and Coalition Forces maintained deliveries from June through
December 2003 in all 18 governorates.
• Played a key role in an agreement between the WFP, CPA, and the MoT that provided the WFP with the resources
and authority to continue to support the PDS through June 2004.
• In partnership with the United States Embassy in Iraq, providing on-going support to the Public Distribution System
Working Group to assist the Ministry of Trade with improving PDS management.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 11

FINANCIAL SUMMARY
February 24, 2005
FY 2003-2005*
Implementing
Partner
Sector Regions Obligation
Reconstruction
USAID/ANE Subtotal: $3,870,261,027
Abt Associates Health Countrywide $23,031,886
AFCAP Logistics Countrywide $91,500,000
Army Corps of
Engineers
Architecture and Engineering Services Countrywide $31,328,264
BearingPoint Economic Governance Countrywide $79,583,885
BearingPoint Economic Governance II Countrywide $103,500,000
Louis Berger Group Vocational Education Countrywide $75,016,115
Louis Berger Group Private Sector Development II Countrywide $60,000,000
Bechtel National Airports, buildings, emergency communications,
power, railroads, roads and bridges, Umm Qasr
seaport, water and sanitation
Countrywide $1,029,833,259
Bechtel National Infrastructure II: Airports, buildings, emergency
communications, power, railroads, roads and
bridges, Umm Qasr seaport, water and sanita-
tion, Basra Hospital
Countrywide $1,386,809,782
Community Action
Program
Development in impoverished communities Countrywide $168,820,000
DAI Marshlands Dhi Qar
Al Basr
Maysan
$4,000,000
DAI Agriculture Countrywide $101,352,912
Fed Source Personnel Support Countrywide $300,000
IRG Reconstruction Support Countrywide $51,698,152
RTI Local Governance Countrywide $236,911,000
America's Develop-
ment Foundation
Civil Society Countrywide $42,880,157
CAII Education Countrywide $56,503,000
CAII Education II Countrywide $51,809,000
CEPPS Iraq Governing Council Countrywide $675,000
CEPPS Transitional Government Countrywide $20,700,000
CEPPS Voter Education, Domestic Observation and Con-
flict Resolution
Countrywide $47,175,000
CEPPS Elections Administration Support Countrywide $40,000,000
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 12

FINANCIAL SUMMARY
February 24, 2005
FY 2003-2004
Implementing
Partner
Sector Regions Obligation
VFH Elections Support Countrywide $1,000,000
UNICEF Health, Water and Sanitation Countrywide $36,700,000
UNICEF Education Countrywide $19,600,000
UNESCO Textbook Printing & Distribution: Math & Science Countrywide $10,000,000
WHO Strengthen Health System Countrywide $10,000,000
Logenix Health North/Central $98,006
SSA Port Management Um Qasr $14,318,985
SkyLink Airport Management Baghdad,
Al Basrah, Mosul
$27,200,000
MSI Monitoring and Evaluation Countrywide $5,038,772
University
Partners
• The Research Foundation of the State University of New York/Stony Brook and the Universities
of Chicago, Boston and Oxford
• The Human Rights Institute, DePaul University College of Law and Italy’s International Institute
of Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences
• University of Hawaii, the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, University
of Jordan and the American University in Beirut
• Jackson State University, Tougaloo College, Alcorn State University, Mississippi Valley State
University, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Benetech, US-Iraq Business Resources
• University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University, Cameron University and Langston Univer-
sity
Countrywide $20,730,000
Yankee Group Telecoms Planning Countrywide $58,150
VEGA Business Skills Training Countrywide $12,089,702
UNDP Trust Fund Contribution Countrywide $5,000,000
World Bank Trust Fund Contribution Countrywide $5,000,000
Emergency Relief
USAID/DCHA/OFDA...................................................................................Subtotal: $157,379,161
Administrative Administrative Costs Countrywide $7,978,194
AirServ Logistics Countrywide $5,309,876
ARC Capacity Building Al Basrah $537,746
CARE IDP Assistance, Quick-impact projects, Water and Sanita-
tion, Health, Emergency Relief Commodities
Countrywide $9,043,148
The Cuny Center Research Studies Countrywide $40,260
GOAL Coordination, Nutrition Al Muthanna $1,507,900
InterAction Coordination Kuwait City $92,860
IDA Health Countrywide $1,318,437
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 13

FINANCIAL SUMMARY
February 24, 2005
FY 2003-2004
Implementing
Partner
Sector Regions Obligation
IMC Health, IDP Assistance, Food Security, Nutrition, Water and
Sanitation, Capacity Building
Countrywide $28,952,898
IOM IDP Assistance Countrywide $16,392,470
IRC IDP Assistance, Health, Water and Sanitation Countrywide $8,000,411
IRD IDP Assistance, Health, Water and Sanitation Northern Iraq $10,000,000
Logistics Emergency Relief Commodities and USAID/DART Support Countrywide $22,553,653
Mercy Corps IDP Assistance, Health, Emergency Relief Commodities,
Shelter, Water and Sanitation
Countrywide $20,199,786
SCF/US Food Security, Health, IDP Assistance, Shelter, Nutrition,
Emergency Relief Commodities, Water and Sanitation
Countrywide $7,957,783
UNICEF Health, Nutrition, Water and Sanitation Countrywide $4,000,000
OCHA Coordination and Information Countrywide $1,200,000
USAID/Jordan Support for Emergency Water Activities Countrywide $500,000
WFP Food Security, Logistics Countrywide $5,000,000
World Vision Health, Logistics, Emergency Relief , Water and Sanitation Countrywide $6,793,739
USAID/DCHA/FFP.......................................................................................Subtotal: $425,571,000
WFP Operations Countrywide $45,000,000
WFP Emerson Trust—81,500 MT Countrywide $40,337,000
WFP P.L. 48– Title II emergency food commodities—163,820 MT Countrywide $140,234,000
WFP Regional Purchase—330,000MT Countrywide $200,000,000
USAID/DCHA/OTI........................................................................................Subtotal: $372,029,240
Administrative Administrative Costs Countrywide $10,071,784
IOM Iraq Transition Initiative Countrywide $6,462,167
DAI Iraq Transition Initiative Countrywide $344,500,376
Internews Media Countrywide $160,359
Radio SAWA Media Countrywide $400,000
NDI/IRI National Governance Countrywide $650,000
IFES National Governance Countrywide $1,042,315
ICNL Civil Society Countrywide $39,238
Spa War** Inter-Ministry Communications Countrywide $8,703,001
TOTAL USAID ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ FROM 2003-2005............................................................$4,825,240,428
* Figures in funding sheet are subject to change and do not represent a final official accounting of USG obligations.
** For accounting purposes, funding for this activity has been obligated by OFDA under an existing interagency agreement.
UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ● IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION WEEKLY UPDATE ● 14